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TEAS 2024 Exam Prep Study Guide Review Questions Containing 125 terms with Correct Answers.
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What is the one thing that cells have in common? - Answer: Membrane What is a cell membrane composed of? - Answer: Phospholipids What are transport holes - Answer: Proteins that help certain molecules and ions move in and out of the cell
What is the cell filled with? - Answer: Cytoplasm/Cytosol What is an organelle? - Answer: Group of complex molecules that help the cell survive What do ALL cells contain? - Answer: DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis ability What does each cell consist of? - Answer: Nucleic acids, cytoplasm, and cell membrane How does cell life begin? - Answer: With sexual or asexual reproduction What makes up tissue? - Answer: collection of cells What makes up organs? - Answer: Collection of tissues What do ribosomes do? - Answer: Synthesize proteins from amino acids Where can ribosomes be embedded? - Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum What is the golgi complex? - Answer: synthesizing materials that are brought into the cell. Where is the golgi complex located? - Answer: Near the nucleus.
What is the cell membrane? - Answer: Defines the cell by acting as a barrier What does the cell membrane do? - Answer: Helps keep the cytoplasm inside and foreign substances outside. What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer: Smooth and Rough What does rough endoplasmic reticulum have? - Answer: Ribosomes on the outside What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer: A tubular network that acts as a transport system. Fused to the nuclear membrane and extends into cytoplasm. What does the mitochondria do? - Answer: Develops ATP, assists cell growth/death Do mitochondria contain their own DNA? - Answer: Yes! it is separate from the nucleus. List the 4 functions of the mitochondria - Answer: 1. Cell energy
In what kind of cells are mitochondria numerous? - Answer: Eukaryotic Cells How many membranes does the mitochondria have? - Answer: Inner and Outer What does the inner membrane of mitochondria do? - Answer: encloses the matrix (that has mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes) What are between the inner and outer membrane of mitochondria? - Answer: Cristae (folds) What kind of respiration occurs in the mitochondria? - Answer: Aerobic What is a centrosome? - Answer: Involved in mitosis/cell cycle, has a pair of centrioles surrounded by protein What are centrioles? - Answer: Cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus used for division. What does each cylinder centriole have? - Answer: Nine groups of three microtubules. What is a lysosome? - Answer: Structure that digests proteins, lipids, and carbs. What can the lysosome do? - Answer: Help transport undigested substances to membrane so it can be removed
What does the Chromatic consist of? - Answer: The DNA and protein that make up chromosomes Where is the nucleolus found? - Answer: Inside of the nucleus What does the nucleolus consist of? - Answer: Protein, lacks a membrane. What is the role of the nucleolus? - Answer: Synthesize Protein, stores RNA, synthesizes RNA What is the nuclear envelope? - Answer: The structure that surrounds the nucleus What are the layers of the nuclear envelope made of? - Answer: Lipids What is the role of the nuclear pores? - Answer: Exchange material between nucleus and cytoplasm What is the nucleoplasm? - Answer: Liquid within the nucleus (similar to the cytoplasm). Number of kg in 1 metric ton - Answer: 1000 number of grams in a kg - Answer: 1000 Number of mL in 1 L - Answer: 1000
What are the two ways a cell can reproduce? - Answer: Mitosis and Meiosis Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in mitosis? - Answer: Yes Is the cell an exact copy of parent cell in meiosis? - Answer: No When does meiosis happen? - Answer: In reproductive cells called gametes What kind of cell controls differentiation? - Answer: Zygotes What is gastrulation? - Answer: Early process of embryotic cell development of most animals. Name the three layers developed during gastrulation - Answer: Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. Where does the nervous system develop from? - Answer: Ectoderm Where does the muscular system develop from? - Answer: mesoderm Where does the digestive system develop from? - Answer: endoderm Name the 6 steps in mitosis in order - Answer: Interphase Prophase Metaphase
Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis What happens in interphase? - Answer: The cell prepares for division by replicating genetic material What happens during prophase? - Answer: Chromatin thickens to develop nuclear membrane. Centrioles move to OPPOSITE sides of cell Mitotic spindle moves chromosomes around in cell What happens during metaphase? - Answer: Mitotic spindle moves to the center, and chromosomes align along the center spindle. What happens during anaphase? - Answer: Pairs of chromosomes (sisters), begin to pull apart. Grooves appear in cell membrane What happens during Telophase? - Answer: Spindle deteriorates, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes revert to chromatin. What happens in cytokinesis? - Answer: Physical splitting of the cell.
Feature of bones - Answer: hard tissue that supports and protects softer tissues and organs. What does bone marrow produce? - Answer: red blood cells. Where is nervous tissue located? - Answer: brain, spinal cord, nerves What do neurons control> - Answer: responses to changes in external and internal stimuli What is a system? - Answer: a group of organs working together How many organ systems exist in mammals? - Answer: 11 List the 11 organ systems? - Answer: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, respiratory, lymphatic, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, digestive, excretory, reproductive Define proximal - Answer: Closer to the center of the body (the hip is proximal to the knee) Define distal - Answer: further from the center (the knee is distal to the hip) Define cephalad/cephalic - Answer: Towards the head
Define caudad - Answer: Closer to the tail or posterior Define transverse - Answer: Divides body into upper and lower halves Define saggital - Answer: divides body into right and left sections Define coronal/frontal plane - Answer: Divides. body into front and back sections `What is the respiratory system divided into? - Answer: Upper and lower sections
