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Technical Rescue I Rope Rescue
exam
NFPA ____ is the Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualification NFPA 1006 NFPA _____ is the Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents NFPA 1670 NFPA _____, Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services defines testing requirements, labeling directions, and certification procedures for rope rescue requirements NFPA 1983 Breaking strength is known as ______ strength Tensile The most common type of rope used in rope rescue is ________ Kernmantle The ______ is the inner core of the rope, the strongest portion, and is usually __ percent of the tensile strength Kern, 75% The _______, which protects the kern, and makes up the rest of rope strength Mantle Kernmantle rope can be either ______ or _______ Static or Dynamic _____ rope absorbs shock forces faster than _____ rope Static, dynamic Some dynamic ropes can stretch up to __ percent before breaking
60 percent Dynamic rope is used where fall factors are over .__ are expected . NFPA _____ defines life safety rope as "rope dedicated to support people during rescue, fire fighting, other emergency operations, and during training." NFPA 1983 One k/N=. lbs 224.8 lbs NFPA 1983 defines a one person load as . k/N 1.33 k/N NFPA 1983 defines a two person load as ._ k/N 2.67 k/N _____ _____ rope is used for a one-person load Light use The minimum breaking strength for light use rope is __ k/N, and it must have a diameter between . mm and _. mm 20 k/N,9.5mm(3/8") and 12.5mm(1/2") _______ _____ rope is designed for use with a two-person load or more are anticipated General use The minimum breaking strength of general use rope is __ k/N, and it must have a diameter between __mm and __mm 40 k/N, 11mm(1/2") and 16mm(3/4") ______ rope is a single purpose, one-time use rope Escape The minimum breaking strength of an escape rope is _. k/N, and must have a diameter between _._mm and _._mm 13.5 k/N, 7.5mm(5/16") and 9.5mm(3/8")
Abrasions can cause life safety rope to _____ in rescue situations Fail ______ _______ are considered the best protection for moving rope Edge rollers Some examples of improvised edge padding are ______ ______, _____ _____, and sections of _____
Bunker gear, rope bags, and fire hose Auxiliary equipment includes items known as _______ and _______ Hardware and software Examples of auxiliary equipment are _______ devices, carabiners, DCDs, _____-_____ devices, and snap-links Ascending, Rope-grab NFPA _____ requires that auxiliary equipment have product labels where it is permanently marked NFPA 1983 Damaged hardware can be inspected by -__ or ____ penetration tests X-Ray, dye Aluminum equipment combines ____ strength and _____ weight, less expensive than steel, but has poor ______ and ______ resistance High strength, light weight, poor abrasion and wear ______ is highly resistant to wear and abrasion and holds up better in shock load situations Steel A _____ _____ device is used to grasp a life safety rope for the purpose of supporting loads Rope grab Ascending devices must withstand a minimum test load of at least _ k/N for light use and __ k/N for general use without permanent damage to the device 5 k/N, 11 k/N
When using a Gibbs, it is best to have the _____-______ type Spring-loaded _______ ascenders can sever a rope if used to catch a falling load or during shock load conditions Hard Prusik hitches provide an _______ warning because they tend to roll over and slip when excessive force is applied Overload The diameter of accessory cord should be / to / the diameter of the main line rope when making prusiks 2/3 to 3/ A carabiner should be loaded on the long axis of the _____ to maximize strength Spine __-shaped carabiners take advantage of the strength of the spine D-shaped Light use carabiners must have a major axis breaking strength, with the gate closed of __ k/N. Must have a minor axis breaking strength of __ k/N and the same rating with gate open 27 k/N and 7 k/N General use carabiners must have a major axis breaking strength, with the gate closed of __ k/N. Must have a minor axis breaking strength of __ k/N and the same rating with the gate open 40 k/N and 11 k/N ________ allow people to descend a rope at a controlled speed Descenders The _____ ____ rack is most effective for controlling speed of descent in lowering operations Brake bar The _____ __ with ears is preferred for rescue because it can prevent a girth hitch lock up Figure 8 with ears
45 k/N Tubular webbing at 1" width and is rated at __ k/N 17 k/N Flat webbing at 1" width is rated at __ k/N 26 k/N Class I harnesses are designed for emergency escape with a design load of ._ k/N 1.33 k/N Class II harnesses are designed for rescue with a design load of ._ k/N and are the minimum requirement for working in a rope rescue environment 2.67 k/N Class III harnesses strap over the shoulders, are designed for rescue with a design load of ._ k/N, and are used where inverting may occur 2.67 k/N What are the four phases of Rope Rescue?
- Assessment on arrival
- Pre-Rescue operations
- Rescue operations
- Termination The primary assessment of rope rescue begins with the ______ ______ and continues throughout the response Initial dispatch The inital hazard assessment is provided by the ______ difference Elevation Secondary hazards assessments include loose _____, downed _____ _____, potential for fire, anchors, etc. Debris, downed power lines The ______ _______ is the most effective life safety knot
Double overhand Every knot ______ rope strength to some extent because the fibers on the _______ of the bend will carry most of the load Diminishes, outside The figure eight on a bight reduces rope strength by __ percent 20 percent The figure eight follow through reduces rope strength by __ percent 19 percent The double loop figure eight reduces rope strength by __ percent 18 percent The inline figure eight reduces rope strength by __ percent 25 percent The butterfly knot reduces rope strength by __ percent 25 percent The water knot maintains nearly ___ percent of the webbing strength 100 percent The double fishermans knot reduces rope strength by __ percent 21 percent A ______ and _______ check, a _____ test, and audible confirmation must be accomplished for a safety check Physical and visual, load The ______ _______ is responsible for the system safety check Safety Officer _______ often prove to be the weak point in a system because they are not load-rated Anchors A vehicle can be used as an anchor, but must be parked ________ to the load
120 degrees At 120 degrees, the load on each leg of the system will be approximately ___ percent of the load 100 percent __ degrees is the maximum preferred angle and ___ degrees is the critical angle that is not to be exceeded 90 degrees, 120 degrees The angle of re-direct should be ___ degrees or later 120 degrees ______ _______ is a force created through mechanical means, which yields an output force greater than the input force Mechanical advantage The _______ system that will perform the task is the best choice Simplest ____ ______ systems can be reset and have greater range than than even numbered systems, best choice for low angle rescue Odd numbered _______ haul systems are constructed as a result of a simple system that was unable to effectively move the load Compound The secondary system in a compound system is always the _____ or ______ advantage as the primary, never less than Same or greater A PCD is always placed as far _______ within a haul system as possible Forward In _____ systems, the end of the rope is attached to the anchor and the PCD is attached to the haul line Even In ____ systems, the end of the rope is attached to the load and the PCD is attached to the load
line Odd When fall factors greater than .__ are anticipated, dynamic rope should be used . ______ is a method by which a potential fall distance is controlled to minimize damage to equipment and or injury to live load Belay The _______ should be set up first in all operations Belay Personal belay devices are typically rated for a ___-person load One-person The relationship between the prusik material and the ______ line is critical Belay _____ angle rescues are one of the most common types of technical rope rescue that are encountered Low angle A Class ___ Harness will help distribute weight III ______ ______ racks are preferred in low angle rescues Brake bar ______ _______ occurs when blood accumulates in the veins due to gravity and lack of movement Venous pooling Unconsciousness, followed by death can happen in less than __ minutes with suspended victims 30 minutes Highlines are either ______ or _______ Horizontal or sloping
The Maximum elongation or stretch of static rope is __ percent of the rope length at __ percent of the minimum breaking strength 6, 10
