Cryptography and Network Security: Wireshark Packet Analysis, Lecture notes of Library science

A detailed analysis of network traffic using Wireshark, a popular network protocol analyzer. It covers the period from March 18th, 2013 to April 12th, 2013, and includes a step-by-step guide to capturing, filtering, and interpreting network packets. Various network protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, and DNS are discussed, along with potential security threats and their countermeasures.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

journalyyy
journalyyy 🇬🇧

4.6

(13)

215 documents

1 / 16

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1









From March 18
th
, 2013 to April 12
th
, 2013















 
     
             
               
      
              
            

  
     

       
 
 

          
    
         
          
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

Partial preview of the text

Download Cryptography and Network Security: Wireshark Packet Analysis and more Lecture notes Library science in PDF only on Docsity!

From March 18th, 2013 to April 12th, 2013  

                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

!"#$%&$'(%)*""&+$,-"&.$/0,1&)&2"$3,'$%&&2$1#)/0&"&+4$ $ $ 5,)&$#-$'"(+&2"6$ $

<=&13$5,"#2,0$>.13?&'$2$@.,;(&A$@.,;(&B$<=&13$C&/(%01$

D",."$,2+$&2+$+,"&'$

E1"#%&.$FB$GHFG$I$J&1&)%&.$FKB$GHFG$

L#.8$/,""&.26$

J,*0M$

7,."2$@.#13,=8,B$N,2$O(/,21B$@,?&0$P#%0,',$

J&'1./"#2$#-$"M/&$

#-$Q#.8$1,..*&+$

>.13?,0$Q#.8B$.&,+2;R,2,0M'2;$,.13?,0$.&1#.+'B$

'3&0?*2;$.&1#.+'A$$$

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

U3&'&$ 0&""&.'B$ Q.""&2$ 2$ ],"2$ ,2+$ ^&.),2$ 0,2;(,;&'B$ #-"&2$ 1#2",2$ +&",*0&+$

2-#.),"#2$,%#("$"3&$/&.'#2$Q3#$'$"#$1#2?&."B$+&'1.%*2;$"3&$.&,'#2'$-#.$'(13$

13#1&B$Q313$'$#-$/.)&$*2"&.&'"$-#.$)&A$$

J.A$ 7,"('8#?,$ ;,?&$ )&$ ,2$ &T"&2'?&$ &T1(.'#2$ #-$ "3&$ ,.13?,0$ '"#.,;&$

-,10"&'B$ &T/0,22;$ "3&$ /.#1&+(.&'$ #-$ ,.13?2;$ ,2+$ "3&$ /.&'&.?,"#2$ )&"3#+'$

('&+$ ,"$ "3&$ <=&13$ 5,"#2,0$ >.13?&'A$ D3&$ ,0'#$ '3#Q&+$ )&$ '#)&$ #-$ "3&$ #0+&'"$

+#1()&2"'$ 1#2",2&+$ 2$ "3&$ ,.13?&B$ '(13$ ,'$ 9#3&),2$ .#M,0$ +&1.&&'$ -.#)$ "3&$

)++0&$,;&'B$,'$Q&00$,'$Q,08&+$)&$"3.#(;3$"3&$&T3%"#2$"3,"$Q,'$#2$+*'/0,M$,"$

"3&$ ,.13?&$ ,"$ "3&$ ")&A$ E2$ ,$ -&Q$ #11,'#2'B$ :$ 3&0/&+$ J.A$ 7,"('8#?,$ "#$ '3&0?&$

.&1#.+'B$Q"3$3&.$&T/0,22;$"3'$/.#1&''$2$+&",0A$$

$$$$$$$$$$$$$>"$"3&$2&Q$+&/,.")&2"$#-$"3&$,.13?&B$:$Q#.8&+$Q"3$"3&$+;",0=,"#2$#-$

@.,;(&$.&'+&21&$.&;'"&.'$-.#)$0,"&$FV"3$1&2"(.MA$U3&$+#1()&2"'$Q&.&$,0.&,+M$

'1,22&+$ ,2+$ ,.13?&+$ +;",00MA$ 7M$ ",'8$ Q,'$ "#$ &T,)2&$ "3&'&$ '1,22&+$

+#1()&2"'$ ,2+$ .&;'"&.$ "3&$ 2-#.),"#2$ '(13$ ,'$ 2,)&'B$ %."3$ +,"&'$ ,2+$ /0,1&'B$

#11(/,"#2'B$.&'+&21&$,++.&''&'B$+,"&'B$&"1A$2"#$,$+,",%,'&A$$L.""&2$*2$^&.),2B$

"$ Q,'$ 1&.",20M$ 13,00&2;2;$ "#$ +&1/3&.$ "3&$ 1#2"&2"'$ #-$ "3&'&$ +#1()&2"'B$

3#Q&?&.$ "$ Q,'$ ,$ ?&.M$ /.#+(1"?&$ ,2+$ &+(1,"#2,0$ &T/&.&21&A$ 7.A$ P#%0,',$

3&0/&+$%M$&T/0,22;$3#Q$^&.),2$1(.'?&$Q."*2;$&?#0?&+$"3.#(;3$"3&$,;&'$,2+$

;,?&$ )&$ .&0&?,2"$ &+(1,"#2,0$ ),"&.,0$ "#$ ,++.&''$ Q3&2$ +&1/3&.2;$ "3&$

+#1()&2"'A$$

<0#'&$"#$"3&$&2+$#-$)M$'",M$,"$"3&$2&Q$+&/,.")&2"B$7.A$P#%0,',$,..,2;&+$

,2$ &T1(.'#2$ -#.$ )&$ ,"$ "3&$ /.&'&.?,"#2$ ,2+$ .&'"#.,"*#2$ +&/,.")&2"$ #-$ "3&$

,.13?&A$ :$ 0&,.2&+$ 3#Q$ +,),;&+$ +#1()&2"'$ ;&"$ .&'"#.&+$ ('2;$ "3&$ 0,"&'"$

"&132#0#;MB$ ),"&.,0'$ ('&+$ ,2+$ ,//0&+$ -#.$ /.&'&.?,"*#2$ %&-#.&$ +#1()&2"'$ ;&"$

'3&0?&+B$,2+$,'$Q&00$,'$"3&$0,"&'"$),13*2&.M$('&+$-#.$"3&'&$/.#1&''&'A$$$

$ $ 7+0-8$#+9$:;<$=>:?$ $ @4A/+0B'-$C--,0'&/4,D8$#4(E+4$F-4G-'$ $** $

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

ABCADCBAEF!G!FACADCBAEF!

H&/3!7#))%/,-!

I*88!:5$%!

J8#9%$%,)!

(*7%/K5(&/-!

2#$%(!L#K%M!

L%(9/57)5&,!&'!)M7%!

1#)#8&65,6!$#7(>!9&,+9)5,6!/%(%#/90!'&/!6#88%/M!N#(%+!

%K%,)(>!/%(7&,+5,6!)&!7N859!%,O5/5%(!/%6#/+5,6!#/)%'#9)(!

#,+!/%7&/)5,6!&,!6#88%/5%(C!

1-3*-,045-$,&..-/06$ <5,+59#)5K%!8%,6)0-!PAA!)&!EPAA!@&/+(= $

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

ABC$BDC$ABEFGEHC$BIC$ABEF$

J#.8$/,""&.26$

K(0 0 G"*)&$-#.$-#(.$L&&8'$

M0,1&)&2"$

N.$O#32$P#0+-213$,2+$N.$N0,2$P.%,$

Q&'1./"#2$#-$"?/&$

#-$L#.8$1,..*&+$

$R,",0#;(2;$,2+$1.&,"2;$,$1,",0#;(&$#-$"3&$N,1&+#2*,2$

1-3-,045-$,&..-/06$ !2+1,"9&$0&2;"36$DBB$"#$EDBB$L#.+'4 $

N?$L#.8$&S/&.&21&$,"$"3&$=."'3$>%.,.?$3,'$%&&2$,)#2;$"3&$)#'"$&S1"2;$

/.#-&''#2,0$,'';2)&2"'$"3,"$:$3,9&$3,+$(2"0$2#LC$Q(.2;$"3&$-*.'"$"L#$+,?'T$:$

L,'$,'8&+$"#$,'''"$"3&$R(.,"#.$#-$=##8%2+2;'$,"$"3&$=."'3$>%.,.?T$N'$

M30//,$N,.8'T$2$.&#.;,2U2;$,2+$1,",0#;(2;$.&'&,.13$),"&.*,0'$;,"3&.&+$%?$

9,.#('$&S/&."'$2$%##8%2+2;$-#.$"3&$2,"#2,0$0%.,.?$1#00&1"#2'C$<3'$",'8$;,9&$

)&$"3&$#//#."(2"?$"#$'&&$L3,"$"3&$L#.82;$-0&'$#-$&S/&.&21&+$.&'&,.13&.'$

0##8$08&$,2+$"3&$'#/3'"1,"&+$,2+$22#9,"9&$L,?'$2$L3*13$"3&?$1#00&1"&+$,2+$

#.;,2'&+$"3&.$+&,'$,2+$.&'&,.13C$K#.$2'",21&T$V#L,.+$5C$5*S#2W'$X$,$

/.#)2&2"$%##8G%2+2;$3'"#.,2$X$-0&'$+&)#2'".,"&+$&9&.?$'",;&$#-$"3&$

.&'&,.13$/.#1&''$"#$%&$)/#.",2"C$V&$1,.&-(00?$1#00&1"&+$+#U&2'$#-$'),00$"&)'$

,2+$"&S"'T$'(13$,'$/&.'#2,0$/#'"$1,.+'$,2+$/3#"#;.,/3'$'&2"$"#$-.&2+'$.&;,.+2;$

3'$+'1#9&.&'T$2#"&'$L.""&2$2$),.;2'$#-$2&L'/,/&.'T$1#/*&'$#-$

1#..&'/#2+&21&$-.#)$L313$#2&$1#(0+$&,'0?$".,1&$5S#2W'$.&'&,.13$/,"3T$1#/&'$

#-$0&1"(.&'$3&$;,9&$"#$,1,+&)1$,2+$2#2G,1,+&)1$,(+*&21&$,2+$'#$#2C$:$1#(0+$

'&&$3#L$5S#2$,2+$#"3&.$.&'&,.13&.'$#-$%##8%2+2;$L&.&$;,"3&.2;$9,0(,%0&$

2-#.),"#2$.&;,.+2;$%##8%2+&.'$-.#)$&,.0&.$1&2"(.&'T$L3#T$(208&$L."&.'$

#.$/.2"&.'$#-$%##8'T$L&.&$('(,00?$(282#L2C$<3&$)/.&''*9&$L#.8$#-$"3&'&$

.&'&,.13&.'T$),+&$)&$"328$,%#("$"3&$/3?'1,0$,//&,.,21&$#-$"3&$"&S"'$:$,)$

L#.82;$L"3C$Y208&$"3&$J&'"&.2$Z(.#/&,2$".,+"*#2T$"3&$&,.0?$)#+&.2$

%##8%2+&.'$-.#)$"3&$=,08,2'T$#-"&2$0&-"$,$),.;2,0$2#"&$,%#("$"3&)'&09&'$*2$"3&$

%##8'$"3,"$"3&?$%#(2+C$<3&$/.#+(1"#2$#-$),2('1./"'$%?$@#("3$@0,9'T$,2+$"3&$

"&S"'$"3,"$/&#/0&$0&-"$,%#("$"3,"$/.#1&''$2$"3&$),2('1./"'$"3&)'&09&'T$L*00$%&$

#2&$#-$"3&$"3&)&'$"3,"$:$L00$%&$+&,02;$L"3$2$)?$"3&'*'C$$

[2$N#2+,?'$,2+$<(&'+,?'T$:$L#.8&+$L"3$N.$O#32$P#0+-213T$V&,+$#-$:21(2,%(0,$

,2+$Z,.0?$J&'"&.2$M.2"&+$R#00&1"#2'C$$N.$O#32$P#0+-*213$-#(2+$)?$1#)/&"&21&$

2$@0,91$0,2;(,;&'$9&.?$3&0/-(0C$J&$&2.13&+$"3&$:21(2,%(0,$@3#."$<"0&$

R,",0#;(&$!:@<R4$G$,2$2"&.2,"#2,0$+,",%,'&$#-$]$1&2"(.?$Z(.#/&,2$/.2"2;$

1.&,"&+$%?$"3&$=."'3$>%.,.?G$L"3$&2".&'$-.#)$"3&$/.2"&+$1,",0#;(&$#-$

=%0#"&8,$^8,+&)$5,(8T$2$@"$M&"&.'%(.;T$_('',C$:$0&,.2"$,$0#"$,%#("$3#L$"3&$

:@<R$L,'$1.&,"&+T$3#L$"$L#.8'$,2+$L3,"$2-#.),"#2$'$,9,*0,%0&$"#$('$,'$

.&'&,.13&.'C$N.$P#0+-213$2".#+(1&+$)&$"#$"3&$3'"#.?$#-$Z(.#/&,2$/.2"*2;$,'$

L&00$,'$"3&$3'"#.?$#-$"3&$21(2,%(0,$1#00&1"#2$2$"3&$=."'3$>*%.,.?C$<3&$

3;30;3"$L,'$"3&$9'"$"#$"3&$%,'&)&2"$#-$"3&$0%.,.?G$,2$,.&,$#--$0)*"'$"#$

.&,+&.'C$V&$'3#L&+$9,.#('$&S,)/0&'$#-$&,.0?$/.2"2;T$&0,%#.,"2;$#2$"3&$

9,.#('$"&132`(&'$('&+C$:$L,'$/,."1(0,.0?$2"&.&'"&+$"#$0&,.2$)#.&$,%#("$"3&$

#20?$R3(.13$@0,9#21$21(2,%(0,T$"3&$ !"#$%"&$' $-.#)$EHaF$/.2"&+$2$R&"2b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c(;#'0,9,$2$EaaE4C$<3'$",'8$3,'$%&&2$,%'#0("&0?$1.(1,0$ ,2+$-#."(2,"&$-#.$"3&$/.#;.&''$#-$)?$+#1"#.,0$.&'&,.13$,'$:$+'1#9&.&+$)#'"$#-$ "3&$/.),.?$'#(.1&'$:$L00$%&$L#.82;$L"3$+(.2;$"3#'&$L&&8'$#-$2"&2'9&$ '&,.13C$<3&$/.),.?$'#(.1&'$G$-#.$L313$:$L,'$1#2'(0"2;$"L&2"&"3$1&2"(.?$ 1#)/&2+()'$&,.0&.$X$L313$L&.&$/.#92;$"#$%&$"3&$%;;&'"$#%'",10&$(2"0$"3&2$ L&.&$,9,0,%0&$2$&0&1".#21$-#.),"$1#(."&'?$#-$"3&$5,"#2,0$>%.,.?$2$@8#/b&C$ @21&$:$L,'$L#.82;$L"3$N,1&+#2,2$'#(.1&'$"3.#(;3$"3&$1&2"(.&'T$:$ &21#(2"&.&+$),"&.,0$L313$);3"$2#"$&9&2$&S'"$%,18$3#)&$,2+$',L$,2$&2".&$ 2,"#2W'$3'"#.?$(2-#0+$2$,$9,.&"?$#-$'#(.1&'$-.#)$,2"G1#))(2'"$/,)/30&"'$ L.""&2$%?$"3&$N,1&+#2,2$+,'/#.,$2$@L"U&.0,2+$"#$/0,?'$/&.-#.)&+$+(.2;$ "3&$EaAB'$2$@8#/b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b&1"'$3&.&C$ $ $ 7+0-8$ BEC$BdC$ABEF $ 94:/+0;'-$<--,0'&/4,=8$ 7.'"2,$5*8#0#9'8,$ $

",'H$3,'$%.#(;3"$-#.K,.+$"3&$)/#.",21&$#-$1#00,%#.,"L&$K#.H$2$,2$,1,+&)1$

&2L*.#2)&2"S$

F$-(."3&.$",'H$:$K,'$,'';2&+$K,'$'".(1"(.,00>$')0,.$"#$"3&$/.&L#('$#2&S$:$3,L&$

.&1&L&+$,2#"3&.$Q2;0'3$".,2'0,"#2$#-$,$YN&13$%##H$"#$/.##-.&,+$E$7.#'0,L$

O,2[H'$ 12%3&4($)"(56%7"8(9"$)/&:/&.(;2+6(</,$%2=(#/$)(/$,(>2%$+.%&/,$, S$F0)#'"$,$

-0,K0&''$".,2'0,"#2@$"3&$K#.H$#2$"3'$%##H$,00#K&+$)&$"#$+&0L&$2"#$(2-,)0*,.$

,'/&1"'$#-$,$-,'12,"2;$)&"3#+$#-$3'"#.1,0$.&'&,.13@$L&.>$2"&.&'"2;$"#$)&$

%&1,('&$#-$)>$#K2$K#.H$"3,"$&2;,;&'$K"3$0"&.,.>$3*'"#.>S$F'$,$%##H$#-$

2"&.L&K'$K"3$/.#)2&2"$#.,0$3'"#.,2'$#2$"3&$;0#%,0$'1&2&@$ 12%3&4($)"(56%7" $

+&",0&+$"3&$;&2&''$#-$"3'$.&0,"L&0>$>#(2;$-&0+$"3,"@$&L&2$"3#(;3$"$*'$2#"$

1#21&.2&+$K"3$&.,'$,'$.&)#"&$,'$"3&$&,.0>$)#+&.2$#2&@$3,'$,$0#"$"#$#--&.$2$

"&.)'$#-$#(.$(2+&.'",2+2;$#-$"3&$1#21&/"(,0N,"#2$,2+$"3&$/.,1"1&$#-$3*'"#.>S$:$

,)$L&.>$;0,+$:$;#"$"3&$13,21&$"#$K#.H$#2$"3*'$%##H$"3,"$3,'$/.#L#H&+$,$0#"$#-$

.&-0&1"#2$-.#)$)&@$&'/&1,00>$.&;,.+2;$/#''%0&$",2;&2"'$%&"K&&2$"3&$-*&0+$#-$

#.,0$3'"#.>$,2+$"3,"$#-$)1.#3'"#.>@$-,L#.&+$,)#2;$"3&$&,.0>$)#+&.2'"'S$

F$+--&.&2"$",'H$:$K,'$K#.H2;$#2$,"$"3&$',)&$")&$K,'$/.#+(12;$,2$&+"#.,0$

.&L&K$-#.$,$.&1&2"$Q2;0'3J0,2;(,;&$/(%01,"#2$%>$<,.#02()@$"3,"$'@$ >2+.3"(

?&.6/,)(@$34/",(+&4($)"(A2+&,B%2C+$/%&(%B(>)/6%6%./", @$&+"&+$%>$7,."2$8.#13MNH,$

,2+$]2+^&R$802_$#-$"3&$Y3,.0&'$`2L&.'">$2$8.,;(&S$V3&$.&L&K$1#2",2&+$,$

+&",0&+$/.#/#',0$#-$,$),.H&"2;$'".,"&;>$-#.$"3&$/(%01,"#2@$,2$,.&,$:$3,+$2#"$

&21#(2"&.&+$'21&$:$3,L&$'"#//&+$K#.H2;$2$/(%0'32;S$:"$K,'$,$13,00&2;2;$

",'H$,2+@$&L&2$"3#(;3$"3&$%##H$3,+$2#"$-&+$'/&1-1,00>$2"#$"3&$))&+*,"&$,.&,$

#-$)>$.&'&,.13@$"$/.#L&+$L&.>$2"&.&'"2;$"#$.&,+$&'',>'$"3,"$+&,0$K"3$3*'"#.>$

,2+$-("(.&$#-$"3&$+&/,.")&2"$:$,)$,0'#$,$/,."$#-$2#K@$,2+$"#$"&'"$)>$1,/,%0"*&'$

,2+$&2"1&$)>$1.&,"L">$2$3,2+02;$",'H'$'0;3"0>$+*--&.&2"$-.#)$"3&$#2&'$:$

&21#(2"&.$K30'"$K#.H2;$#2$)>$"3&'*'S$

F2+$-2,00>@$:$K,'$L&.>$-#."(2,"&$"#$%&$;L&2$,2$#//#."(2">$"#$1#)&$(/$K"3$,$

/.#/#',0$#-$)>$#K2$E$,$1#00,%#.,"L&$K#.H$"3,"$);3"$.&'(0"$2$,$/(%01,"*#2$-#.$

<,.#02()S$:$1,)&$(/$K"3$K#.H$"3,"$K#(0+$2L#0L&$"3&$C?"3$1&2"(.>$),2('1./"$

'#(.1&$#-$7,.2$P.a9'$1#)&+&'$E$"3&$'#J1,00&+$b&c&",.$7,2('1./"$E$"3,"$'$,$ /,."$#-$"3&$/&.),2&2"$1#00&1"#2$#-$"3&$<0&)&2"2()$=0,L#21$d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a9$"#$,2$Q2;0'3J'/&,H2;$ ,(+&21&S$:$3,L&$.&'&,.13&+$,2+$1#2'+&.&+$1#2",1"2;$'&L&.,0$/&#/0&$"3,"$);3"$ %&$2"&.&'"&+$2$1#00,%#.,"2;$#2$"3'$0,.;&.$/.#R&1"$E$2,)&0>@$/.#+(12;$,$1."1,0$ L#0()&$#-$Q2;0'3$".,2'0,"#2'$#-$,$'&0&1"#2$#-$P.a9e'$/0,>'$%,'&+$#2$"3&$ <0&)&2"2()$),2('1./"S$:$3,L&$+&1+&+$"#$1#2",1"$V.&L#.$d,(.&21&$f#1H)'@$,$ '13#0,.$&)/0#>&+$,"$"3&$Y">$`2L&.'">$#-$5&K$g#.H@$K3#$3,+$/.&L#('$ &W/&.&21&$#-$K#.H2;$K"3$P.a9$#2$"3&$"&W"$#-$"3&$0,.;&$"K#JL#0()&$&+"*#2$#-$

"3&$ *"D/0%&(%B(-+2/&(E2F/G @$,2+$,0'#$".,2'0,"2;$P.a9'$1#2'/.,"#.,0$0&""&.'$2"#$ Q2;0'3S$G&$3,L&$,;.&&+$#2$'#)&$#-$"3&$;(+&02&'$-#.$"3&$/.#'/&1"L&$L#0()&$#-$ ".,2'0,"#2'$#-$P.a9'$1#)&+&'$,2+$+'1(''&+$"#$,$;.&,"$0&2;"3$K3,"$"$'3#(0+$ 210(+&S$G&$1#2"2(&$"#$K#.H$#2$,$2&K$/.#/#',0$"3,"$K#(0+$/.&'&2"$"3&$L#0()&$ K&$3#/&$"#$K#.H$#2$,'$,2$&W"&2'L&$1#00,%#.,"L&$K#.H$2$+--&.&2"$/,."'$E$ 210(+2;$,2$&W"&2'L&$:2".#+(1"#2$"3,"$K#(0+$1#L&.$'&L&.,0$,.&,'$,2+$/.&'&2"$ P.a9$1#2"&W"(,0N&+@$,$/,."$"3,"$K#(0+$'/&,H$,%#("$P.a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