Download TEFL Full Course Coverage Revised Exam: Methodologies and Teaching Styles and more Exams Teaching method in PDF only on Docsity!
TEFL FULL COURSE COVERAGE REVISED EXAM
Supervisors are expected to treat employees respectfully Subordinates may do important work, thus having the opportunity to get promoted quickly If something goes wrong, the superior/authority figure is usually blamed for having unrealistic expectations or being too strict Managers socialize and interact with workers more often Teachers are simply employees and parents are merely people Totalitarianism and revolutions are rare large class sizes - challenges: The teacher cannot provide individual attention to students who need it Logistics - voice volume, getting whole class attention, classroom management, audio/visual aids All students cannot practice speaking individually It's difficult to know all students by name, or even by sight, especially if teaching 15 different classes each week. (15 classes of 50 students = 750 students) Group activities are often loud and semi-chaotic, especially if students are enjoying them and activity participating.
Define methodology? - Set of techniques used to meet specific needs of students Each has a focus, aim and answer to questions such as:
- What do you expect from students?
- What kind of atmosphere are ypou going to maintain? What are components of teaching methodoloy? - Priorities for lesson whats in the lesson plan order of lesson plan Define teaching style? - Refers to my attitude and demeanour when I teach Do i smile? Are you strict? How do you answer questions? What is total physical response and who founded it? - James Asher 1977 children acquiring their first language do a lot of listening before they speak which is accompanied by physical responses
reappeared in 1950s america with mass migration to states and universities - need to learn to survive What are the assumptions of Audiolingual method? - Students are already motivated to learn (not much focus on making entertaining) Like structural linguistics behavioral psychology, learning proceeds through instances of stimulus, response, and reinforcement. Positive reinforcement could take the form of praise from the teacher or from classmates, or from a sense of self-satisfaction. Negative reinforcement could take the form of criticism from the teacher, a correction, or the silent treatment. So, then with behavioral psychology, learning takes place when specific stimuli elicit specific responses. What is structural linguistics? - language is a system of structural elements, including phonological units, grammatical units, and lexical items. If structures are presented in a systematic way, students will internalize those structures and later be fluent insofar as they can produce original sentences using the structures they have learned. What are 8 key points of audiolingual method? - Students are soon going to live in an environment in which the target language is spoken.
Students are exposed as much as possible to the target language. New words and patterns are introduced in a systematic fashion, with a view toward structural linguistics. Practice means repetition. Students should accurately and quickly repeat. Practice makes perfect. Students will gradually absorb grammar patterns. Language is speech, not the printed word. What is Situational Language teaching? slt - practice of basic structures in meaningful situation-based activities Carefully selected lexical items and grammar structures Gradationally situations become more difficult What is the P-P-P model? - Material presented (begin learning)
=TPR has the teacher directing students to match language items with actions. =Audiolingualism has the teacher presenting sample sentences, for the students to repeat, practice and recite appropriately and accurately in drills. =SLT has a situation created where there is a need to practice appropriate and accurate sentences about what can be seen by all in the class. students get fair chance to learn as teacher can monitor as students take turn speaking Structure orientated Starts with grammatical structures, add lexical items and notions later and starts with basic to difficulut What are the differences between SLT, Audiolingual and TPR? - - TPR is aimed primarily at young learners and beginners
- audiolingual methodology does not involve as much use of physical movement or pictures for demonstration. That is the main reason why audiolingual lessons have been aimed at mature students
- SLT requires a lot of preparation on the part of the teacher, in order to assure that each grammar structure is obvious to students. With the arrangement of pictures and objects, the teacher always needs to think about how to focus on one or a few grammar structures when the lesson takes place. How is the Grammar Translation (GMT) or classical method characterized? - - Students look to teacher for everything, teacher is expert
- Teacher designs curriculum
- Teacher audience format, taking notes and responding often they understand
- Individual study and no group work each student has to demonstrate own levels of comprehension
- assessment is highly objective, with knowledge-oriented questions that can be put into multiple choice forma
- Taught at L1 usually with teacher that speaks chinese 80% of lesson
- Dictation lessons to learn grammar structures with english irregularities he eats you eat (the 's')
- Little to no speaking practice - teacher lectures
- Drills, teacher calls out student to see if knows certain grammar or vocab - translating between chinese and english assuming there is a tanslation
- Memorization of grammar and vocab with direct translations to chinese
- Rote learning
- Memorization of famous passages - rigourous attention to accuracy
- When advanced use classical texts like shakespeare as full of complexities and unique applications of grammar structures and metaphors to challenge students What is rote? - A fixed mechanical way of doing something, a routine Rythym of class Why is GMT most preffered method of ESl teaching in China and most of Asia - GTM is a reliable method for preparing students for the state English exams, which consist mainly of grammar and vocabulary exercises and lack a
Learning by doing approach by the teacher facilitating communicative competence What is BICS - Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills someone using language in a social setting they are developing BICS Doesnt demand difficult vocab or high degree of grammatical accuracy Develops in first 6months of immersion in language What is CALP - Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency formal knowledge of the language as it relates to speaking listening reading and writing takes five or more years to develop CALP is also a major component of discursive communication, wherein students sequester themselves until their work is completed, contributing to an ongoing progress of ideas, as with an academic community. What is CULP - Common underlying language proficiency
skills both languages require involving thought processes at logical level away from immediate linguistic phenomena such as inflection and colloquialisms Congitive process vs language proficiency steps? - Cognitive process Konwledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation Language Proficiency Pronunciation Vocabulary Grammar Semeantic meaning What are main personalities of chinese students? - Happy face
- Appreciate communicative english
- Possible pressure to be top student get good marks
- Dont let other students rely on these just to answer all questions' 10%
What are common mistakes made by teachers? - assuming students to carry on momentum of discussion, burdens talkative, denies shy and boreds the rest What three things should a course plan cover? - - Assumed knowledge of the students after your course is complete, grammar structures and vocabulary
- Communicative skills already practised
- Topics covered in the course Whats the difference between BICS, CALP - BICS (basic interpersonal skills) social conversations low grammar accuracy developed in 6months CALP (cognitive academic language proficiency) formal knowledge of a language 5 years to develop
- big focus in china with gmt method WHat is CULP - These are the skills that the languages both require, skills that can make it easier to learn additional languages. CULP skills are common to both languages, L1 and L2, and are very likely to apply to L3. They are underlying skills because they mostly involve thought processes at the logical level away from more immediate linguistic phenomena such as colloquialisms and inflection. CULP
is a kind of language proficiency because it is a generalizable skill, in other words, language smarts. WHat are three rules to follow when allowing free tlak in class? - DOnt rely on eager beavers allow awkward silence dont let it go over 10-15mins THree effective ways to get students to speak in class? - Brainstorming spokesperson to present to class scavenger hunt activity pair work Ways to constantly be prepared - Simple activities
- Bingo, MASH, Guess the word, Hangman Effective, wide scale participation, flexible Lists Of lexical items etc to use in class
controlled practice- opportunities to use target language with lots of supportive cues from teacher, drills, pictures, sentences on board vocab expansion- vocab added by teacher or students communicative practice - using language do something, games, solution and problems, focusing on message rather than language v what is the ideal lesson planning way - Identify Student Deficiencies/Weaknesses Determine Clear Goals and Objectives to Address the Deficiencies/Weaknesses Establish Logical Lesson Plans to Reach Those Goals and Objectives Assess Student Performance along the Way Learn From Successes and Failures What is the larynx Teeth Ridge Apex Esophogas Blade of tongue Uvula Oral cavity Epiglottis
Phraynx Vocal COrds Dorsum HArd palate velum Nasal cavity Trachea LIps - larynx - encloses vocal cords Teeth - modify sound Ridge - gums of top front teeth tongue touches Apex - tip of tongue Esophogas - food pipe not directly associated to speech Blade of tongue - bends and twists position the apex Uvula - base of the tongue down the throat Oral cavity - mamkes resonance Epiglottis - throat ways close for food and water not directly related to speech Phraynx - opening of throat before wind ppe Vocal COrds - vobrate to creat esound Dorsum - causes tongue to flatten along base of mouth or pull and exend HArd palate bone seperates oral cavity from nasal cavity velum soft tissue between hard palate and uvula Nasal cavity large cavemopus area in which can also resonate Trachea windpipe which comes out for speech
disadvantage
- tedious if teacher unfamiliar =-loss of detail [ what is bejining called peking - spelled from obselete system WHat are the four most troublesome phonemes - e as in get ae as in cat re as in peer r as in run what is a syllabus? - a unit of pronounciation of great sonority usually a vowel and more sounds of lessoer sonority consannt why is expressiveness an issue for chinese students? - cause there language ahs tones to tell them how to say however english doesnt. using different tones can chnage the implication of what you are saying What are four major speech issues - choppy speech not grouping natural words together mispronounciation stops and stalls
not pausing at the end of sentences not using intonation and emphasiss robotic speaking WHat are minimal pair exercises - set of two words which differ by only one phoneme WHat are the 4 theories of stephen krashen - Language acquisition happens when: Input is provided at the i+1 level, The affective filter is lowered, The monitor is not made too strong by an overemphasis on accuracy, and The natural order of acquisition is respected. i+1 scheme - In the i+1schema, "i" means interlanguage, the point on the continuum between L1 and L2 that the student currently occupies. +1 means that
