Telecommunication network management lecture notes, Slides of Computer Network Management and Protocols

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ABSTRACT

SYNTAX

NOTATION ONE:

ASN.

› ASN.

› Encoding Structure › Macros

Video Lecture Links

› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EccHushRhWs

› https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECXLSdC6FcI

ASN.1 – Terminology, Symbols & Conversions

› It uses the formal syntax language and grammar of BNF (Backus-Naur Form)

• ::=
• This “ ” donates an “entity”
• This “ ::= ” means “define as”

› For example

• ::= 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|
• Here the entity is “digit”
• “ | ” represents “ or ”
• On right hand, all possible values of digit

› ::= +|-|x|/

› ::= |

• ASN.1 – Basic Example
• › ::= 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|
  • – 1  ::= › For example
    • › This is digit
  • – 9  ::=
    • › This is digit
  • – 19  ::=
    • › This is concatenation of digit 1 and number
  • – 219  ::=
    • › This is concatenation of digit 2 and number

ASN.1 SYMBOLS

Symbol Meaning ::= Define as or assignment | Or, alternative, options of a list

- Signed number - - Following the symbol are comments { } Start and end of a list [ ] Start and end of a tag ( ) Start and end of a subtype .. Range

Complete list of ASN. symbols

ASN.

KEYWORDS

Keyword Brief Description BEGIN Start of an ASN.1 module CHOICE list of alternatives DEFINITIONS Definition of a data type or managed object END End of an ASN.1 module EXPORTS Data types that can be exported to other modules IDENTIFIER A sequence of non-negative numbers IMPORTS Data types defined in external modules INTEGER Any negative or non-negative number NULL A placeholder OBJECT Used with IDENTIFIER to uniquely Identify an object OCTET Unbounded 8·bit, bytes (octets) of binary data OF Used with SET and SEQUENCE SEQUENCE Ordered list maker SEQUENCE OF Ordered array of repetitive data SET Unordered list maker SET OF Unordered list of repetitive data STRING Used with OCTET for denoting a string of octets

Few frequently used ASN. keywords

Encoding Structure (1)

› The algorithm, to convert the textual ASN.1 syntax to machine readable code is called Basic Encoding Rules (BER)

› ASCII text data are converted to bit-oriented data using the BER define for the transfer syntax

› One basic encoding structure is TLV

› TLV (Type, Length, Value) is define as

• Type: primitive or non-primitive (constant, simple type or construct)
• Length: specifics the length of the value field in octets
• Value: encoded value based on data type TYPE LENGTH VALUE

Encoding Structure (2)

› Type has 3 sub-components

• Tag Number : Taken from Universal Class Tag Assignment › Unique number is assign to every type name e-g: Boolean [1], Integer [2] etc.
• P/C : structure is primitive or construct (0/1)
• Class : coded in 2 bits. (00,01,10,11)

› Length is short (1 octet) or long (2 or more octets)

• If 8th^ bit is 1, it means length field is represented by 2 or more octets
• If 8th^ bit is 0, remaining 7 bits represents the actual length of value field

› Value is the actual data, encoded based on the data type

11

TYPE (1-byte) LENGTH VALUE , Class (7-8th^ bits), P/C (6th^ bit), Tag Number (1-5th^ bits),

Universal Tag Assignment

ASN.1 Macros

› By now, we have used ASN.1 notation of syntax directly and explicitly

› ASN.1 permits extension capabilities to define new data types and values by the use of ASN.1 macros

› ASN.1 macros also facilitate grouping of instances of an object or concisely defining various characteristics associated with an object

OBJECT IDENTITY - Macro

(RFC 1902)

› Create an Internet object using and OBJECT-IDENTITY macro

› STATUS and DESCRIPTION are two syntactical objects

› Referpart is optional

Example of OBJECT-IDENTITY Macro

› Course cs8113 is registered under the object descriptor “csclasses” as 50th^ node.

› The object cs8113 has a value

• It’s status is current
• It’s description is “A graduate-level … ”

Configuration Management

› It address the setting and changing of configuration of the networks and network components

› Management information is embedded in the managed objects such as hubs, bridges and routers e-g:

• threshold alarms, when packet loss exceeded the define value
• Information of object name and contact person to be contacted when component failed in the NMS (Network Management System)

› Configuration data is gathered and stored by NMS at the NOC (Network Operations Center)

› NMS displays real-time configuration of the network and its status

Fault Management

› Detection and isolation of the problem causing the failure in the network

› Restoration of service is done as soon as possible and could involve re-configuration (Configuration Management)

› NMS constantly monitors and displays the real-time major and minor alarms based on severity of failure

› Self-healing: when restoration is done by network itself