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TERMS USED IN PYTHON PROGRAMMING, Study notes of Programming Languages

University of NairobiProgramming Languages

6.0 SHORT NOTES PYTHON PROGRAMMING TERMS

Typology: Study notes

2024/2025

Available from 03/19/2025

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LIST OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING TERMS
1. algorithm
A set of specific steps for solving a category of problems
2. token
basic elements of a language (letters, numbers, symbols)
3. pixel
Smallest addressable element of a picture.
4. proprioception
on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms. On a human, a sense of
the relative positions of different parts of ones own body.
5. recursion
The process of calling the currently executing function.
6. robot
mechanism or an artificial entity that can be guided by automatic
7. high-level language
A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy
for humans to read and write.
8. low-level langauge
A programming language that is designed to be easy for a
computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly
language
9. keyword
define the language's syntax rules and structure, and they cannot be
used as variable names
10. statement
instruction that the Python interpreter can execute
11. operators
special tokens that represent computations like addition,
multiplication and division
12. flow of execution
The order in which statements are executed during a program run.
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LIST OF PYTHON PROGRAMMING TERMS

  1. algorithm A set of specific steps for solving a category of problems
  2. token basic elements of a language (letters, numbers, symbols)
  3. pixel Smallest addressable element of a picture.
  4. proprioception on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms. On a human, a sense of the relative positions of different parts of ones own body.
  5. recursion The process of calling the currently executing function.
  6. robot mechanism or an artificial entity that can be guided by automatic
  7. high-level language A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.
  8. low-level langauge A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly language
  9. keyword define the language's syntax rules and structure, and they cannot be used as variable names
  10. statement instruction that the Python interpreter can execute
  11. operators special tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division
  12. flow of execution The order in which statements are executed during a program run.
  1. function A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take parameters and may or may not produce a result
  2. fruitful function A function that returns a value when it is called.
  3. local variable A variable defined inside a function. A local variable can only be used inside its function. Parameters of a function are also a special kind of local variable.
  4. modulus operator %, works on integers (and integer expressions) and gives the remainder when the first number is divided by the second
  5. evaluate To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.
  6. int A Python data type that holds positive and negative whole numbers
  7. float A Python data type which stores floating-point numbers. Floating- point numbers are stored internally in two parts: a base and an exponent. When printed in the standard format, they look like decimal numbers
  8. parameter A name used inside a function to refer to the value which was passed to it as an argument.
  9. boolean function A function that returns a Boolean value. The only possible values of the bool type are False and True.
  10. None A special Python value. One use in Python is that it is returned by functions that do not execute a return statement with a return argument.
  1. integer division An operation that divides one integer by another and yields an integer. Integer division yields only the whole number of times that the numerator is divisible by the denominator and discards any remainder.
  2. element One of the values in a list (or other sequence). The bracket operator selects elements of a list.
  3. lambda A piece of code which can be executed as if it were a function but without a name. (It is also a keyword used to create such an anonymous function.)
  4. module A file containing definitions and statements intended to be imported by other programs.
  5. trace To follow the flow of execution of a program by hand, recording the change of state of the variables and any output produced.
  6. aliases Multiple variables that contain references to the same object.
  7. clone To create a new object that has the same value as an existing object. Copying a reference to an object creates an alias but doesn't clone the object.
  8. compound data type A data type that is itself made up of elements that are themselves values.
  9. decrement To subtract one from a variable.
  10. dictionary A collection of key/value pairs that maps from keys to values.
  1. exception Raised by the runtime system if something goes wrong while the program is running.
  2. file A named entity, usually stored on a hard drive, floppy disk, or CD- ROM, that contains a stream of characters
  3. format operator The % operator takes a format string and a tuple of values and generates a string by inserting the data values into the format string at the appropriate locations.
  4. global variable Can be seen through a program module, even inside of functions.
  5. immutable type A compound data type whose elements can NOT be assigned new values.
  6. iteration To repeat a section of code.
  7. mutable type A compound data type whose elements can be assigned new values.
  8. nested list A list that is itself contained within a list.
  9. operator A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation. controls.
  10. sequence A data type that is made up of elements organized linearly, with each element accessed by an integer index.
  11. short circuit evaluation When a boolean expression is evaluated the evaluation starts at the left hand expression and proceeds to the right, stopping when it is no longer necessary to evaluate any further to determine the final outcome.