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Definitions and explanations of various calculus and algebra concepts, including integration by parts, partial fractions, improper integrals, convergence, divergence, taylor approximation, and differential equations. These topics are essential in advanced mathematics and science courses.
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TERM 1
DEFINITION 1 In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts is a theorem that relates the integral of a product of functions to the integral of their derivative and antiderivative. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion is a procedure used to reduce the degree of either the numerator or the denominator of a rational function. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 In calculus, an improper integral is the limit of a definite integral as an endpoint of the interva of integration approaches either a specified real number or or or, in some cases, as both endpoints approach limits. TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 In probability theory, there exist several different notions of convergence of random variables. The convergence of sequences of random variables to some limit random variable is an important concept in probability theory, and its applications to statistics and stochastic processes. TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 In vector calculus, the divergence theorem, also known as Gauss's theorem or Ostrogradsky's theorem, is a result that relates the flow (that is, flux) of a vector field through a surface to the behavior of the vector field inside the surface.
TERM 6
DEFINITION 6 In mathematics, a Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function's derivatives at a single point. TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 A differential equation is a mathematical equation for an unknown function of one or several variables that relates the values of the function itself and its derivatives of various orders.