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Definitions and terms related to forest development, types of forests, factors influencing forest growth, forest management, and conservation. Topics include coniferous and deciduous forests, secondary forests, old growth forests, factors such as temperature, rainfall, shade tolerance, seeding and germination habits, pattern and rate of growth, age at maturity, soil characteristics, insects, industrial urban areas, forest conservation, and forest management. The document also covers sustainable forestry objectives, even-aged management techniques, and the advantages of planting trees.
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Advantages of this- control runoff and erosion ( water, nutrient loss)- soil biological activity (legumes) ; OM and nutrient input (leaf fall)- improved soil structure (OM and roots)- more efficient use of solar energy- reduced insect pets and diseases - why? Because with trees come birds that eat the insects- 5% of the area , 50% of the biodiversity- microclimate control- shade for livestock- fuel wood- diverse products ; increased economy- neutral carbon storage, but many additional benefits( like creating wildlife corridors to connect patches of forest land like planting them along streams as buffers) also we benefit Frm trees as they're windbreaks - stop erosion many are planted in way of the wind to stop erosion TERM 32
Endangered species act of 1973- created the T&E listing process, designation of critical habitat, acquisition of habitat with monies from the land and water conservation fund, prohibition on taking and trade in T&E species , subspecies , varieties, distinct population segments- cooperative agreements with states , cost sharing- amended in 1978- creation of a federally mandated review committee for possible exemptions for T&E species that would decide on certain laws- secretaries of agriculture , army, and interior; chairman of the council of economic advisors, administrators of EPA and NOAA , state representatives- only 3 decisions thru 2011Ex. 1979-gray rocks dam, flooding critical habitat for whooping cranes in the platte river, wy ,. 7-0 in favor by esc , contingent on mitigation measures on the Platte (congress would've exempted)Ex. 1978- tellico dam, flooding critical habitat for snail darter in little Tennessee river ; 7-0 in to deny exemption but congress exempted anywayEx. 1992- Blm timber sales in Or, critical habitat for spotted owl, 5-2 to grant exemption, etc TERM 40