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Test Bank - Chapter 4
The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 4. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The types of questions include multiple choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, and short answer.
Multiple Choice
- Protons are located in the nucleus of the atom. A proton has a) No charge b) A negative charge c) A positive and a negative charge d) A positive charge
- Neutrons are in the nucleus of the atom. A neutron has a) A positive charge b) No charge c) A negative charge d) Twice as much positive charge as a proton
- An electron is in a region outside the nucleus. An electron a) Is larger than a proton and has no charge b) Has less mass than a proton and has a negative charge c) Is smaller than a proton and has no charge d) Has a positive charge
- A hydrogen atom is made up of one proton and one electron. The proton and electron stay near each other because a) Positive and negative charges repel b) Positive and positive charges repel c) Positive and negative charges attract d) Two negatives make a positive
- The atomic number of an atom is a) The mass of the atom b) The number of protons added to the number of neutrons c) The number of protons d) Negatively charged
- The atoms of the same element can have different isotopes. An isotope of an atom a) Is an atom with a different number of protons b) Is an atom with a different number of neutrons c) Is an atom with a different number of electrons d) Has a different atomic number
- The atomic mass of an element is a) The average mass of all the isotopes of the element b) A measure of the density of that element c) The mass of the most common isotope of that element d) The number of protons and electrons in the atoms of the element
- An element and an atom are different but related because a) A particular element is made up of many different types of atoms b) A molecule is the same as an atom c) An element is made up of all the same type of atom d) An element is smaller than an atom
- The periodic table shows that a carbon atom has six protons. This means that a carbon atom also has a) Six electrons b) Six neutrons c) More protons than electrons d) An atomic mass that equals six
- The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The atomic mass is 14.01. This means that a) All nitrogen atoms have exactly 7 neutrons. b) A small percentage of nitrogen atoms have fewer than 7 neutrons c) A small percentage of nitrogen atoms have more than 7 neutrons d) Some nitrogen atoms have fewer than 7 electrons
- Electrons are in regions around the nucleus called energy levels. The first energy level a) Is furthest from the nucleus b) Is closest to the nucleus c) Holds the most electrons d) Needs more than two electrons to fill it up
- Neon has 10 protons and 10 electrons. The electrons fill the energy levels in Neon like this: a) 2 in the first, 2 in the second, and 6 in the third b) 4 in the first, 4 in the second, and 2 in the third c) 2 in the first, 4 in the second, and 4 in the third d) 2 in the first, and 8 in the second
True/False and Fill-in-the-blank
True or false? Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom. False
True or false? Neutrons and electrons are attracted to one another. False
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of __________ in the atom’s ____________. protons, nucleus
Different atoms of the same element can have a different number of ____________. neutrons
The electrons of an atom are located in regions around the nucleus called __________ __________. energy levels
True or false? The first energy level of atom is closest to the nucleus. True
True or false? In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. True
The electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom are called _________ electrons. valence
True or false? In an ionic bond, electrons are shared between two atoms. False
When an atom loses an electron, it forms a ___________ ion. positive
When an atom gains an electron, it forms a ___________ ion. negative
Lewis dot structures are a shorthand way of showing only the valence _________ of an atom. electrons
True or false? It is possible to have double covalent bond. True
Short Answer
What are the three common subatomic particles? Where are they found within an atom? What charge do they have? The three common particles are protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the atom’s nucleus and electrons are in regions outside the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.
When you charged a strip of plastic by rubbing it through your fingers or on cloth, you actually transferred electrons onto the plastic strip. Using the terms “electrons” and “protons”, and “negative” and “positive”, explain why the strip was attracted to your fingers or the cloth you rubbed it on. If electrons were transferred to the plastic, the plastic has extra electrons and becomes negative, since electrons are negative. If my fingers lost electrons, they would have more protons than electrons and become positive. Positive and negative attract.
When you rub a balloon on your hair, electrons are transferred onto the balloon. Using the terms “electrons” and “protons”, and “negative” and “positive”, explain why a rubbed balloon is attracted to and sticks to a wall even though you didn’t rub the balloon on the wall. Since the balloon has extra electrons from being rubbed on your hair, the balloon is negatively charged. When you bring it over to the wall, the negative balloon repels the negative electrons in the wall and leaves an area of positive charge. The negative balloon is then attracted to the positive wall.
How is it that different atoms of the same element can have slightly different atomic masses? Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons but they can have different numbers of neutrons. This is why different atoms of the same element can have different atomic masses.
What is the difference between the atomic number and atomic mass of an element in the periodic table? The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atoms in that element. The atomic mass is the average mass of the different isotopes of that element.
If you know the atomic number of an element in the periodic table, do you also know the number of neutrons in any atom of that element? Explain. No, because different atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. These are called isotopes.
Look at the elements in a vertical column (group) in the energy level models shown. What do you notice about the number of electrons in the outermost energy level (valence electrons)? What does this tell you about how the atoms in a group react?
The atoms in a group have the same number of valence electrons. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions so atoms with the same number of valence electrons tend to react in similar ways.
What does it mean for two atoms to be covalently bonded? Atoms covalently bond when electrons from each atom are attracted to the other atom’s nucleus but are also attracted to the nucleus of their own atom. These attractions bring the atoms together and the electrons end up being attracted to both nuclei and are shared between them.
Us e the illustrations to explain what causes two hydrogen atoms to come together to form the covalently bonded hydrogen molecule (H 2 ).
The electron in each atom is attracted to its own proton (not shown by an arrow) and is also attracted to the proton in the other atom (shown by arrows). These attractions bring the atoms together.
If you put an electric current through water, the electricity can actually break the covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in the water molecules. This process releases oxygen gas (O 2 ) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ). Think about the formula for water (H 2 O) and explain why this process produces more hydrogen gas than oxygen gas.
Since the formula for water is H 2 O, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms in a sample of water. If the water molecules are broken up to make hydrogen gas (H 2 ) and oxygen gas (O 2 ) there are twice as many hydrogen atoms so there should be twice as much H 2 gas as O 2 gas.
What is an ion and how is it formed? An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. An ion is formed when one atom has a stronger attraction for electrons than the other atom which causes one or more electrons to be transferred to the atom with the stronger attraction.
Assume that two atoms interact and become ions. Explain why the atom that loses an electron
becomes a positively charged ion and the atom that gains an electron becomes a negatively charged ion.
Since atoms start with the same number of protons as electrons, an atom that loses an electron
will have one extra proton and be positive. The atom that gained the electron will have one
extra electron and be negative.
How is ionic bonding different than covalent bonding? In an ionic bond, electrons have actually been lost by one atom and gained by the other. The atom that loses the electron becomes positively charged and the atom that gains an electron becomes negatively charged. The positive and negative ions attract and bond. In covalent bonding, the electrons are not gained or lost – they are shared between the atoms.
Lewis dot structures use two dots to show a covalent bond. Here, two hydrogen atoms are shown bonded to make a molecule of hydrogen gas (H 2 ).
Use the Lewis dot structure of carbon to make a structure for the molecule methane (CH 4 ) which has a central carbon atom covalently bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
