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CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
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Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to _ of the remaining liver cells. A) metaplasia B) organ atrophy C) compensatory hyperplasia D) physiologic hypertrophy
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting _ in the brain. A) caspase activation B) coagulation necrosis C) rapid phagocytosis D) protein p53 deficiency
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular damage caused by other injurious agents. A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes C) replicating and producing continued injury
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
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D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by: A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. B) altering the immune response of the cell. C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
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D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function that underlies her reduced mobility? A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
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D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
A 20 - year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. B) the presence of unexpected cell types. C) ischemic changes in cell samples. D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcification? A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia B) Liver cirrhosis C) Impaired glycogen metabolism D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for the technicians precautions? A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm. C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the care team prioritize? A) White blood cell levels with differential B) Red blood cell levels and morphology C) Urea and creatinine levels D) Liver function panel
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
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Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be reversible? A) Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm B) Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation C) Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals D) Apoptosis
- The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by: A) damage to cellular DNA. B) decreased ATP levels. C) activation of the p53 protein. D) activation of death receptors on the cell surface.
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis? A) Inappropriate activation of apoptosis B) Bacterial invasion C) Impaired arterial blood supply D) Metaplastic cellular changes
- Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?
A)
Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different individuals. B) Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell.
C)
The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in later generations of a cell. D) Answer
Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair. Key
- A
- C
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
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3. B
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. B
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
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Chapter 2: Inflammation MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Tears are considered to be part of the:
- first line of defense.
- second line of defense.
- third line of defense.
- specific defenses.
- nonspecific defenses. a. 1, 4 b. 1, 5 c. 3, 4 d. 2, 5 ANS: B
- A specific defense for the body is: a. phagocytosis. b. sensitized T lymphocytes. c. the inflammatory response. d. intact skin and mucous membranes. ANS: B
- The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to: a. phagocytosis of foreign material. b. local vasodilation. c. any tissue injury. d. formation of purulent exudates. ANS: C
- Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include: a. albumin and fibrinogen. b. growth factors and cell enzymes. c. macrophages and neutrophils. d. histamine and prostaglandins.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
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ANS: D
- Which of the following result directly from the release of chemical mediators following a moderate burn injury?
- Pain
- Local vasoconstriction
- Increased capillary permeability
- Pallor a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
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d. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 ANS: D
- The process of phagocytosis involves the: a. ingestion of foreign material and cell debris by leukocytes. b. shift of fluid and protein out of capillaries. c. formation of a fibrin mesh around the infected area. d. movement of erythrocytes through the capillary wall. ANS: A
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
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- Systemic effects of severe inflammation include: a. erythema and warmth. b. loss of movement at the affected joint. c. fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. d. abscess formation. ANS: C
- The term leukocytosis means:
a. increased white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood.
b. decreased WBCs in the blood. c. increased number of immature circulating leukocytes. d. significant change in the proportions of WBCs. ANS: A
- Which of the following statements applies to fever? a. Viral infection is usually present. b. Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. c. It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. d. It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation. ANS: D
- Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include: a. general cutaneous vasodilation. b. generalized shivering. c. increased heart rate. d. increased metabolic rate. ANS: A
- Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed: a. fibrosis. b. regeneration. c. resolution.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
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- Which of the following promotes rapid healing? a. Closely approximated edges of a wound b. Presence of foreign material c. Exposure to radiation
d. Vasoconstriction in the involved area ANS: A
- Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly: a. promote the release of prostaglandins at the site. b. decrease capillary permeability. c. mobilize lymphocytes and neutrophils. d. prevent infection. ANS: B
- Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT: a. decreased bone density. b. wasting of skeletal muscle. c. opportunistic infections. d. increased leukocyte production. ANS: D
- Which of the following drugs relieves fever and some types of pain but is NOT an anti-inflammatory agent? a. Acetaminophen b. Prednisone c. Aspirin d. Ibuprofen ANS: A
- A burn area in which the epidermis and part of the dermis is destroyed is classified as: a. full-thickness. b. deep partial-thickness.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
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GUARANTEED GRADE A+
c. superficial partial-thickness. d. first-degree. ANS: B
- A woman has burns on the anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest, and right leg. The percentage of body surface area burned is approximately: a. 13.5%. b. 18%. c. 22.5%.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
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- developing stronger fibrous scar tissue.
- more rapid healing.
- regeneration of all glands, nerves, and hair follicles. a. 1, 3 b. 4, 5 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 2, 3, 5 ANS: C
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF
MEDICINE 7TH EDITION ( WITH ANSWER
KEY)
LATEST UPDATED EXAMINATION STUDY
GUIDE 2023
GUARANTEED GRADE A+
- Purulent exudates usually contain: a. small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. b. red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. c. numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. d. large amounts of water containing a few cells. ANS: C
- Isoenzymes in the circulating blood: a. are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. b. often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. c. are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. d. are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever. ANS: B
- A serous exudate is best described as a: a. thin, watery, colorless exudate. b. thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. c. thick, greenish material containing microbes. d. brownish, clotted material. ANS: A
- Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include: a. edema and erythema. b. area of necrosis and loss of function. c. pain and tenderness. d. fever and malaise. ANS: D
- Some local effects of a general inflammatory response would include: a. high, spiking fever and chills. b. redness, warmth, and swelling. c. leukopenia and reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
