Partial preview of the text
Download TEST BANK FOR SEIDEL'S GUIDE TO PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN INTERPROFESSIONAL APPROACH 10th ED and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
PHYSICAL © EXAMINATION AN INTERPROFESSIONAL APPROACH ' JANE W. BALL ? ~ JOYCE E. DAINS ta a | JOHN A. FLYNN { er BARRY S$. SOLOMON ROSALYN W. STEWART ee i\ t yo | Chapter 01: The History and Interviewing Process Ball: Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1, Which statement is swe regarding the relationship of physical characteristics and culture’? 4. Physical charactenstics should be used to identify members of cultural groups. bh. There is a difference between distinguishing cultural characteristics and distinguishing physical characteristics. c«. To be amember ofa specific culture, an individual must have certain identifiable physical characteristics, a. Gender and race are the two essential physical characteristics used to identify cultural groups. ¢, Whereas all cultural traits can be viewed as static, physical traits are dynamic. PRECISE ANSWER:==B RESP hysical characteristics do not symbolize cultural groups; there is a difference between the two, and they are considered separately. Cultures are dynamic in theirevolution. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General 2, A fixed image ofany group that rejects its potential for onginality or individuality is known asain): a, acculturation. norm, stereotype, ethos, custom. b e dd. t E ANSWERR>=C is definition describes a stereotype. A norm, on the other hand, is a standard of allowable behavior within a group, ethnos implies the same race or nationality, and acculturation is a process of adopting another culture's behaviors. A custom refers to a habitual activity of a group in a given situation. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science =MSC: Organ System: General 3. Yournew hospital client/patient is 2 40-year-old Middle Eastern man witha complaint of newabdominal pain. You are concerned about violating a cultural prohibition when you prepare to do his rectal examination. The best tactic would be to: a, do the examination because jt isa necessary part of the physical examination. b. ask a colleague from the same geographic area if this examination is acceptable, c. inform the hospital client/patient of the reason for the examination and ask if it isacceptable to him. a refer the hospital client!patient to a provider more knowledgeable about cultural differences. ¢, forego the examination for fear of violating cultural norms. PRECISE ANSWER:>>C FRSA sking, if you are not sure, is dar better than making a damaging mistake. You would not be doing your job as a professional if you deterred the examination without a reason. It is not necessary to refer a skill you are capable of performing. TOPIC; Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General TOPIC: Discipline Bahavidral Saenee" ° MSCS Gipan Syston Geteral An aspect of traditional Wester medicine that may be troublesome to many Hispanics, Native Americselected answer, Asiselected answer, and Arabs is Western medicine's attempt to: a, usea holistic approach that views a particular medical problem as part ofa bigger picture. b, determine a specific cause forevery problem in a precise way. ¢, establish harmony between a person and the entire cosmos. a. use herbal remedies and rituals. *, promote balance in an individual's life. PRECISE ANSWER:=>>B more scientific approach to healtheare problem solving, in whieh a cause can be determined for every problem in a precise way, is a Western approach. Hispanics, Native Americselected answer, Asisclected answer, and Arabs embrace a more —holisticl approach. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Stience: [pj MSC:. Grpar System: General A naturalistic or holistic approach to primary care often assumes: 4. that hot conditions require treatment with a hot remedy, b. areductionist view that looks to a very narrow cause and effect. ¢.. there are external factors that must be kept in balance. a that there are hot and cold conditions but not hot and cold remedies. ¢, that bot and cold conditions are the same among different cultures. PRECISE ANSWER:2===C naturalistic or holistic approuch often assumes that there are externalfactors— some good, some bad—that must be kept in balance if we are to remain well. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ Systern: General Which maternal factor is most predictive of whether an infant will receive inoculations? The mother has family suppor. The mother is divorced, The mother breast-feeds. ‘The mother uses medications. The mother received prenatal care. PRECISE ANSWER:->>E others whe take advantage of appropriate prenatal care generally takeadvantage of other infant care practices as well. meeoe 13, 14, TOPIC: Disvipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ Systern: General Knowledge of the culture(s) of the hospital client/patient should be used to: a. formastandard practice procedure for that culture. b. draw conclusions regarding individual hospital client’patient needs. «, form stereotypical categories, a. help make the interview questions more pertinent, «forma sense of the hospital client/patient based on prior knowledge. P CISE ANSWER:->=D @ purpose of understanding the hospital client/patient’s culture(s) is tohelp the provider construct pertinent questioning and avoid stereotyping. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ Systerm: General The attitudes of the healtheare professional are fargely: a. aeculturated and cannot be changed, uninfluenced by hospital client/patient behavior. difficult for the hospital clent!patient to sense culturally derived. irrelevant to the success of relationships with the hospital client/patient. Pee oe PRECISE ANSWER:->=D he attitude of a healthcare provider is foundationally derived from his orher own culture but cannot cause stereotypical judgments to be made; understanding this is relevant to the success of hospital client’patient relationships. Attitudes of the healthcare professionalare easily detected by others, and they influence hospital client/patient behiviar: TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science = =9=MSC: Organ System: General Allofthe following are important aspects of reducing disparities in primary care except: a. identify and monitor conscious and unconscious biases, bh. help the hospital clent/patient to leam about his or her disease or condition, « consider the health literacy of one's hospital client’ patients. a. try to discuss aspects of care without the influence of fnends, partner, or family members. © encourage hospital client/patients to complete hospital clientpatient satisfaction and demographics forms. PRECISE ANSWER:-->1) ll ofthe above are ways a healthcare provider can reduce disparities in primary care except the exclusion of a hospital client’patient's friends, partner, or family members, It isimportant in reducing disparities in primary care for the provider to partner with hospital client/patients and families to provide high-quality care. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science = =MSC: Organ System: General Which of the following 1s not an aspect of cultural huntulity? a. Ability to recognize one’s limitations in knowledge and cultural perspective hb. Self-reflection and self-critique c. Assuming all hospital client/patients ofa particular culture fit a certain stereotype ad. Meeting hospital client'patients —where they arcl without judgment Chapter 02: Cultural Competency Ball: Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE, 1, Which question would be considered a —leading question?! —Please describe any associated symptoms with your headaches ?l —You don't get headaches often, do you?! —Whiat activities affect the severity of your headaches?! —Whiat times of the day are your headaches the most severe’!l —What worries you most about your headache’ ap oe ® PRECISE ANSWER:->=B is question would limit the information in the hospital client/patient's selected answerwer. The other choices allow the hospital client/patient more discretion about the extent of an selected answerwer. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General ” Which action would best promote accurate treelected answerlations as well as confidentiality when the caregiver does not speak the hospital chent/patient's language? a, Aska person unfamiliar with the hospital client/patient to trselected answerlate. b, Have a friend of the hospital client/patient trselected answerlate. c. Ask simple leading questions that the hospital client’ patient may understand. a. Use a neighbor as trselected answerlatar. #. Involve the family with the tyselected answerlation. CORRECT ANS:-=>: A PARAS When you do not speak the hospital client/patient’s language, family members or friends may pose a communication barrier and may have issues of confidentiality; a strangeras an interpreter ts less biased, TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General 3, Periods of silence during the interview can serve important purposes, such as: a. allowing the clinician to catch up on documentation b. giving you aclue that you should speed up the interview. <. providing tine for reflection, d. increasing the length of the visit. promoting a calm environment, PRECISE ANSWER:->>C ilenee is a useful tool during interviews for the purposes of reflection, summoning of courage, and displaying compassion. It is usually a clue for you to go slower and not to push too hard. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science = MSC; Organ System: General 4. Which technique ts most likely to result in the hospital client/putient's understanding of questions? a. Use phrases that are commonly used by other hospital client‘patients in the area, b. Use the hospital client’patient's own terms if possible. rm = Theo, larry Use language that keeps the client patient from being expselected answerive in his or her selected answerwer. a. Use proper medical and technical terminology. ¢. Use the simplest language possible. PRECISE ANSWER:->>B ‘© ensure that your questions have been correctly understood, be clear, and it while using the hospital client/pattent's tdiom and level of understanding. exp TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General A hospital client/patient becomes restless during the history and says, —I don't have time for allof this conversation. I've got to get back to work.! Your most appropriate response would be to: STOPIC using open-ended questions and become more direct, ask another open-ended question and insist on an selected answerwer. ask questions about his anger and move closer to him. acknowledge his anger and proceed with the history and examination. ignore his displeasure and become more assertive about getting selected answerwers. eae re PRECISE ANSWER:-==D ‘his is the only selected answerwer that resists the tendency forhospital client/patient manipulation, pursues the information, and confronts the hospital client/patient's anger. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General When questioning a hospital client‘patient regarding alechol intake, she tells you that she is —only asocial drinker.! Which initial response is appropriate? a, —I'm glad that you are a responsible drinker.| b. —Mary peop who ae reli lyuleaholic say. theyre socal diners! c. —What amount and what kind of aléohol do you drink in a week7I d. —Ifyou only drink socially, you won't need to worry about always having a designated driver.! ¢, —Do the other people in your household consume alcohol’ PRECISE ANSWER:-==C his selected answerwer clanfies the hospital client/patient's own term without askinga leading question or being judgmental, TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General A 50-year-old man comes to the primary care clinic. He tells you he is worried because he has had severe chest pains for the past 2 weeks. Which initial history interview question is most appropriate? a —Can you desertbe the pain’ —The pain doesn't radiate to your arm, does it?l —Have you been treated for anxiety before?l —Does your father have heart disease —ire the pains worse after you eat PRECISE ANSWER:-=>A, initially, an open-ended question is a more appropriate response. —Can you describe the pain?! is an open-ended question that offers clues to the chief concern, Popp sf TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC; Organ System: General 15, TOPIC: Discipline Baha vidr Seisate” MSE Oepin Spelt! General When you suspect that your 81-year-old hospital client’patient has short-term memory lossbecause he cannot remember what he had for breakfast. you should: a. order a neurology consult, bh. sTOPIC all of his medications. ¢, continue to press the hospital client'patient for appropriate selected answerwers. a, validate the concern with his family or caregivers. «dismiss the finding as. normal age-related change. PRECISE ANSWER:>>D hen older adults experience memory loss for recent events, consult other family members to clarify discrepancies or to fill in the gaps. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General To what extent should the hospital client/patient with a physical disability or emotional disorder beinvolved in providing health history information to the health professponal? a, All information should be obtained from family nvembers. b. All information should be collected from past records while the hospital clientipatient is in another room. c. The hospital or eli ee only When you Sénse thar he-or she may fee d. The hospital ae patient should be fully involved to the limit of his or her ability, ¢. The hospital clent/patient should be present during information collection ‘bat shouldnot be addressed directly. PRECISE ANSWER:->>D) jospital chent/patients with disabilities may not pive an effective history, but they must be respected, and the history must be obtained from them to the greatest extent possible, Family members may help provide a more complete history but mot at the exclusion of the hospital client/patient. TORIC: Discipline; Behavioral Science = MSC: Organ System: General Nye taking a history, you should: ask hospital client/patients to give you any information they can recall about their health. i start the interview with the hospital client/patient's family history. ¢. use a chronologic and sequential framework. 4, use a holistic and eclectic structure. ¢. start the interview with the social history, PRECISE ANSWER:—>C Hypo SS To give structure to the present problem or chief concern, the provider should proceed in a chronologic and sequential framework. Asking bospitul client/patients to give you. any information they can recall about their health and using a holistic and eclectic structure do not provide for structure. Starting the interview with the hospital client/patient's family history and with the social history are meorrect because gathering data about the chief concern is the initial step. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General When questioning the hospital client/patient regarding his or her sexual history, which questionshould be askeel jafvealty? a, —Do vou have any particular sexual likes or distikes 7! b. —Do you have any wories or concerns regarding your sex life’ ¢. —How often do you have intercourse and with whom! 17, 1s. a Siansin ove Th Aaah io ay mead | —Do you have any reason to you may have heen exposed toa sexually teselected answermitted infection’?! ©. —What sexually trselected answermitted diseases have you had in the past?l PRECISE ANSWER:->>B hen approaching questioning about a sensitive area, it is recommiendedthat the provider first ask open-ended questions that explore the hospital client’patient's feelings about the issue, TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General Direct questioning about intimate partner violence in the home should be; 4, a@routine component of history taking with female hospital client’patients. . avoided for fear of offending the woman's partner, + conducted only in cases in which there is a history of abuse. bh c d. used only when the patie e&. ASviMisly beidpGrctimized, used only when bruises are found on physical examination. PRECISE ANSWER:-*=A The presence of intimate partner violence should be routinely queried, and the questioning Eu be direct for all female hospital client‘patients. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General Mrs. G, reports an increase in her alcohol intake over the past 5 years. To screen her for problem drinking, you would use the: a. Miller Analogies Test, b. PACE Assessment Instrument. «, CAGE questionnaire. ad Glasgow Coma Scale, «. HITS questionnaire. PRECISE ANSWER:-=>C Aiypoihesise S31 hc CAGE questionnaire is a model for approaching a discussion of the useof alcohol, TOPIC; Discipline; Behavioral Science MSC; Organ System: General When you enter the examination room of a 3-year-old girl, you find her sitting on her father's lap, She turns away from you when you greet her, Initially, your best response is to: a, screen the child for sexual abuse. bh. ask the child to be seated on the examination table so you can talk to her father, «explain to the child that you will not hurt her and that she will have to trast you. a. ask the father to persuade the child to cooperate with you. @, leave the child sitting in the father's lap while you talk to the father. PRECISE ANSWER:-=>>E nteraction with children must be modified according to age and ina manner that promotes trust. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ Systern: General Tom is a 16-year-old young man with diabetes who does not follow his diet. He enjoys his dirt bike and seems unconcerned about any consequences of his activities. Which factor is typical of adolescence and pertinent to Tom's health? 4. Attachment to parents 22, a 24, Constitutional symptoms in the ROS refer to: a, height, visual acuity, and body mass index. fever, chills, fatigue, and malaise. hearing loss, tinnitus, and diplopia. rashes, skin turgor, and temperature. joint stiffness, redness, and swelling. PRECISE ANSWER:>>B seneral constitutional symptoms refer to fever, chills, mulatse, fatigability night sweats, sleep patterns, and weight (average, preferred, present, change). Pears TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science = =MSC: Organ Syster: General J.M. has been seen in your clinic for 5 years, She presents today with signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis. The type of history that is warranted is a(n history. a, complete bh. inventory «problem or focused a interim *. family PRECISE ANSWER:-==C fthe hospital client'patient is well known or if you have been seeing the hospital client’patient for the same problem over time, a focused history is appropriate. TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science = =MSC; Organ System: General Apolee digum sdrafiediibet eputpode of olfdmng: a. sexual orientation and history, b. growth and developmental status. «, genetic and familial health problems. 4. ethnic and cultural backgrounds, «. the past medical history. PRECISE ANSWER:-2=C rafting a pedigree diagram, or genogram, 1s a method to determineconsanguinily ot health problems, TOPIC: Discipline: Behavioral Science MSC: Organ System: General Chapter 03: Examination Techniques and Equipment Ball: Seidel’s Guide to Physical Examination, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOLCE 1, Guidelines for Standard Precautions indicate that mask and eye protection or a face mask should be worn while performing: 4. suture remowal. bh. trachea care and suctioning. . wet-to-dry dressing changes. d. hospital client/patient bathing «tube feedings. PRECISE ANSWER: ->>B Masks and eye protection or a face mask sre indicated during procedures that are likely to generate splashes or sprays of body fluids, which include endotracheal secretions. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General 2, Standard Precautions apply to all hospital client! patients: a, with bloodborne infections. h. with infected, draining wounds, s. in intensive care units. d, receiving care in hospitals or office settings. &. believed to have an infectious disease. SELECT R: D Although all of these statements are true, the best selected answerwer is hospital client/patients receiving care in hospitals. Standard Precautions were developed with the intent of application to the care of allhospitalized or outhespital client/patients; however, the standard has merit and should be applied to all casesef hospital clent/patient care regardless of the environmentwhere care is delivered, TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiclozy MSC: Organ System: General 3, Which hospital client/patient is at the highest risk for the development of latex allergy? a, Anew hospital client/patient who has no chronic illness and has never been hospitalized b. A hospital client’patient who has had multiple procedures or surgeries «A hospital client/patient who is allergic to eggs d. A hospital client‘patient who is allergic to contrast dye *, A hospital client’patient who is a vegetarian PRECISE ANSWER:->>B A hospital client/patient who has had multiple procedures or surgeries has a higher exposure rate to rubber gloves and to equipment and supplies that contain latex and therefore is at a higher nskfor developing an allergic response. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General 4, Which hospital client/patient position is useful for auscultating heart tones’? a. Lithotomy 10. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: Cieneral The degree of percussion tone is determined by the density of the medium through which the sound waves travel. Which statement is true regarding the relationship between density of the medium and percussion tone? 4. The more dense the medium, the louder the percussion tone. b. The less dense the medium, the louder the percussion tone. s, The more hollow the area pereussed, the quieter the percussion tone, d. Percussion over bony areas produces the loudest percussion tones. «Percussion tones are produced by the structure immediately beneath the skin. PRECISE ANSWER:-*>B Percussion sounds vary according to the tissue being percussed. Whereas less dense tissue (eg. over a normal lung) produces a loud tone, more dense tissue (e.2., a muscle) produces a softer tone, Percussion tones anse from vibrations 4 to 6 em deep in the body tissue. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General Expected normal percussion tones include: a, dullness over the lungs. b.. hyperresonance over the lungs. <. tympany over an empty stomach. qd. flatness over an empty stomach. @, resonance over the liver. PRECISE ANSWER:=>€ ‘Whereas a normal lung produces resonance percussion tones, an empty stomach is expected to produce tympany. Dull percubsinin tones anelheard aver the liver. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ Systern: General When percussing, a dull tone is expected to be heard over: most of the abdomen. emphysemic lungs. the liver. healthy lung tissue. an empty stomach. PRECISE ANSWER:==C Dulltenes are-expected over more dense areas such os the liver. pao ee TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General . During percussion, the downward snap of the striking fingers should originate from the: a, wrist. bh, forearm. «shoulder. a. interphalangeal joint. e. elbow. PRECISE ANSWER 224, 13, The dominant hand's middle finger strikes the stationary finger with a wrist motion and is lifted quickly off the striking surface. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General During auscultation, you can limit your perceptual field best by: asking hospital client/patients to deseribe their symptoms. listening through the hospital client/patient’s clothing, closing your eyes. performing palpation before percussion. & timing out the lights ii the eXamunation room, PRECISE ANSWER:-==C By closing your eyes, your sense of hearing becomes more acute, increasing your ability to isolate sounds. aes TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General When examining the abdomen, which technique should be used first? 4, Inspection Light palpation Percussion Auscullation Direct palpation ti oo oii PRECISE ANSWER:>>A Inspection is always used as the first technique in all physical examinations, including the abdomen, TOPIC: Diserpline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General Ausecultation should be carted out last except when examining: a, the neck ares. b. the abdomen. ce. the lungs. a. the heart, «. none of the above; auscultation is always carried out last ina proper physical examination. PRECISE ANSWER:==B Auscultation is the last examination technique used for all areas except the abdomen, In this case, it is performed after inspection. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General Which of the following statements is true regarding tympanic membrane temperature? a. Itis taken by placing an infrared probe antertor to the ear. b. The probe is placed in the external auditory canal to occlude it. «. Temperatures taken with a tympanic thermometer never vary from those taken by the oral or rectal route. d@. Ibis an accurate measurement of body temperature because the tympanic membrane shares its blood supply with the hypothalamus. 2h ¢, Assessment findings are more accurate, d, Most sounds are occluded, ®. Abnormally low sounds are better trselected answermitted. PRECISE ANSWER:->>B Applying firm pressure to the bell endpiece causes the skin to act as a diaphragm, obliterating the low-pitched sounds. TOPIC: Discipline; Pathophysielogy MSC: Organ Syste: General Weak pulses, fetal heart activity, and vessel patency are all best assessed with which type of stethoscope? a. Diaphragm end of an acoustic stethoscope b. Electronic e. Ultrasonic d, Magnetic «© Bell end ofan acoustic stethoscope PRECISE ANSWER:->>C ‘Only the ultrasonic stethoscope, the Doppler, can detect blood flow rather than amplify sounds, which is needed in assessing weak pulses, fetal heart activity. and vessel patency. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathaphysioligy MSC: Organ System: General A hospital client/patient in the emergency department has a concussion to the head. You suspect thatthe hospital client/patient may also have a retina! hemorrhage. You are using the ophthalmoscope toexamine the retins of this hospital client/patient. Which aperture of the ophthalmoscope is most appropriate for this hospital client/patient? StrabismoScope Red-free filter Slit lamp Small aperture Grid CORRECT ANS: >>peB The red-free filter permits recognition of hemorrhages, The grid estimates the size of lesions, the slit lamp examines the anterior eye and assesses the elevation of lesions, and the small aperture is used with small pupils, The strabismoScope is used for detecting strabismus, Pap oe TOPIC; Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General Which type of speculum should be used to examine u hospital client/patient’s tympanic membrane’? a, The smallest speculum that will illuminate the ear b. The largest speculum that will {it comfortably in the ear ¢. The shortest speculum available a. Any speculum that will fit the otoscope head ¢. The longest speculum available PRECISE ANSWER:->=B To visualize the tympanic membrane adequately, the largest speculum that can comfortably fit in the car canal should be used, The other choices do not ensure preater visibility of the membrane and landmarks. 3. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiclogy MSC: Organ System: General The pneumatic attachment for the otoscope is used io evaluate: 4, ear canal patency. eardrum landmarks. hearing acuity. tympanic membrane movenent, tympanic membrane temperature, ean Ss PRECISE ANSWER:->"1D The pneumatic attachment on the otoscepe produces a puff or air to the tympanic membrane, resulting in its movement. TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General Tuning forks with a frequency of 500 to 1000 Hz are most commonly used to measure: vibratory sensations, hearing from bone conduction, hearing range of normal speech. noise above the threshold level. peripheral motor nerve damage. PRECISE ANSWER: ==C Normal speech has a range of 300 to 3000 Hz; therefore, a S00- to 1000-Hz fork is used most often because if can estimate hearing loss in the range of normal speech, Fes ocr TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiolggy> 7 OMS: Organ System: General A variant of the percussion hammer isa neurologic hamuner, which is equipped with which of the following? 4, Brosh and needle bh. Tuning fork and cotton swab «, Penlight and goniometer 4, Ruler and bell «. Trselected answerilluminatar PRECISE ANSWER:-==A. A neurologic hammer unscrews at the handle to reveal a soft brush, and the knob on the head unserews, to which a sharp needle is attached, TOPIC: Discipline: Pathophysiology MSC: Organ System: General ‘Trans-illumination functions on the principle that; infrared radiation is easily detected. black light causes certain substances to Muoresce, converging and diverging light brings structures into focus. tangential light casts shadows that illuminate contours, air, uid, and tissue treelected answermit light differentially, epee PRECISE ANSWER:->>E 
