The Anglo-Dutch wars, Lecture notes of History

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The Anglo-Dutch Wars

Overview

Parties & Persons Involved England/Great Britain Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

• Date: 17 th^ & 18 th^ Century
• Location: North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic, Caribbean, Mediterranean and New York
• Event: Naval wars for naval & trade supremacy

Persons Involved Oliver Cromwell Lord protector of England

• Robert Blake- General at sea
• Military commander turned admiral who took a leading role in the Anglo-Dutch Naval Wars - George Monck - British General during the commonwealth and Restoration periods. - Negotiated restoration of Charles II

Persons Involved

• Maarten Tromp
• Dutch Admiral who was a hero of the first Anglo- Dutch War.
• He was a national hero.
  • Michiel De Ruyter
  • Greatest Dutch naval commander of the 17 th century.
  • Later became admiral.

First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654)

26 Aug 1652 : A Dutch victory in the Battle of Plymouth after the English fleet attacks a convoy to the Netherlands. 08 Sep 1652 & 14 March 1653 : the Netherlands win the naval battles of Elba and Livorno in the Mediterranean. 08 Oct 1652: The English victory in the battle of Kentish Knock 10 Dec 1652: Dutch victory in the battle of Dungeness

First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654)

Feb – Mar 1653 : English victories in the battles of Portland ( 28 Feb- 02 Mar) & Gabbard ( 12 - 13 Jun) force the Dutch fleet to return to port. 10 Aug 1653 : Dutch attempt to break through the English blockade in the battle of Scheveningen From 10 Aug 1653 : The English fleet achieves a tactical victory in the battle of Scheveningen but has to return to port because of losses & damage to the ships. 08 May 1654 : the Netherlands recognises the commonwealth of England & the Navigation Act through the Treaty of Westminster

Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) 13 Jun 1665: English victory in the battle of Lowest 1665: the greatest Plague of London massively weakens England 11 - 14 Jun 1666: The Netherlands win the four Days Battle, gain naval supremacy & blockade the Thames 04 - 05 Aug 1666: the English victory in the St. James Day battle leads to punishing the Dutch back to their ports, blockading the coast & raiding the coastal areas of the Netherlands.

Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) 02 - 06 Sep 1666: the great fire of London destroys 80% of the city & weakens England From Oct 1666: Peace negotiations commence in Breda but esp. the English side protracts the talks Jun-Jul 1667: The Netherlands successfully attack English position at the Thames. Dutch victory at battle of Medway. 13 Jul 1667 : Treaty of Breda

• The Dutch merchants are allowed to export goods from the Rhine's to England
• England recognises Surinam & Indonesia as Dutch colonies
• England gains Nieuw Amsterdam (New York)

Third Anglo-Dutch war (1672-1674) 19 Feb 1774 : the treaty of Westminster ends the Third Anglo-Dutch war & the status quo ante bellum is restored.

Fourth Anglo-Dutch War (1780-1784) 18 th Century: The Dutch naval & trading power was declining 18 th^ Century: The British naval & trading power grows 1775 - 1783: American Revolution The Netherlands support the rebellious colonies & their French ally 1780 - 1783: The Royal Navy blockades the Dutch ports, captures most of the Dutch colonies & seizes a large numb of Dutch ships. 05 Aug 1781: The only ba of war takes place at Dog Banks & is indecisive 20 May 1784: The treaty of Paris restores the status quo ante bellum

Assignment 2

• The united Netherlands contributed to American revolutionary war. How far do you agree with this statement.
• Write an essay of two ( 2 ) pages including references defending your answer.
• Time Romans (font 12 , space size 1. 5 )
• Due date: next week class.
• Total marks: 25

• Go read the French Revolutionary wars