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Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure Test Questions, Exams of High Pressure Vessels and Boilers

Bellin College of NursingHigh Pressure Vessels and Boilers

Multiple-choice test questions related to blood vessels and blood pressure. The questions cover topics such as resistance, vasoconstriction, vascular resistance, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and blood flow. The correct answers are provided for each question.

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Available from 11/27/2023

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The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure TEST
QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice
1. At rest which organ below receives the
most blood flow?
(a) heart.
(b) kidney.
(c) brain.
(d) muscle.
(e) liver.
ANSWER: b
2. Resistance:
(a) is a measure of the hindrance to
blood flow through a vessel caused by
friction between the moving fluid and
stationary vascular walls.
(b) is doubled when the radius of the
vessel is reduced by one-half.
(c) increases sixteen-fold when the
radius of the vessel is reduced by one-
half.
(d) both (a) and (b) above.
(e) both (a) and (c) above.
ANSWER: e
3. Resistance increases when:
(a) radius decreases.
(b) length decreases.
(c) viscosity decreases.
(d) hematocrit decreases.
(e) none of these answers.
ANSWER: a
4. Vasoconstriction:
(a) refers to a decrease in the radius of a
vessel.
(b) of an arteriole decreases blood flow
through that vessel.
(c) of a vein increases blood flow
through that vessel.
(d) both (a) and (b) above.
(e) all of these answers.
ANSWER: e
5. Which of the following is the correct
relationship between pressure, flow, and
resistance?
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The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure TEST

QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice

  1. At rest which organ below receives the most blood flow? (a) heart. (b) kidney. (c) brain. (d) muscle. (e) liver. ANSWER: b
  2. Resistance: (a) is a measure of the hindrance to blood flow through a vessel caused by friction between the moving fluid and stationary vascular walls. (b) is doubled when the radius of the vessel is reduced by one-half. (c) increases sixteen-fold when the radius of the vessel is reduced by one- half. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER: e
  3. Resistance increases when: (a) radius decreases. (b) length decreases. (c) viscosity decreases. (d) hematocrit decreases. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: a 4. Vasoconstriction: (a) refers to a decrease in the radius of a vessel. (b) of an arteriole decreases blood flow through that vessel. (c) of a vein increases blood flow through that vessel. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e 5. Which of the following is the correct relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance? P a g e 1 | 41

2 Chapter Ten (a) (^) flow = pressure gradient radius^4 (b) flow x pressure gradient = resistance (c) flow = pressure gradient resistance (d) pressure gradient = flow resistance (e) resistance = flow radiu s^4 ANSWER: c

  1. Blood flow is affected by: (a) pressure differences. (b) the viscosity of the blood. (c) the amount of friction in the blood vessels. (d) the length and diameter of the blood vessels. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e
  2. Vascular resistance is related to the: (a) length of a blood vessel. (b) diameter of a blood vessel. (c) nature of the blood flow. (d) viscosity of the blood. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e 8. Vasoconstriction: (a) causes a decrease in resistance. (b) occurs when there is a decrease in the radius of a vessel. (c) is due to a decrease in sympathetic activity. (d) two of these answers. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: b 9. The major determinant influencing resistance to blood flow is the: (a) viscosity of the blood.

4 Chapter Ten ANSWER: c

  1. The microcirculation is composed of: (a) arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. (b) arterioles, capillaries, and venules. (c) arteries, capillaries, and venules. (d) arteries, arterioles, and venules. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: b
  2. Organs that recondition the blood: (a) receive disproportionately large percentages of the cardiac output. (b) can withstand temporary reductions in blood flow much better than can organs that do not recondition the blood. (c) must receive a constant blood supply in order to maintain homeostasis. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER: d
  3. The arteries: (a) serve as rapid-transit passageways from the tissues to the heart because of their large radii. (b) act as a blood reservoir because they have the capacity to store large volumes of blood with little change in their internal pressure. (c) are the major resistive vessels of the vasculature. (d) are the site of exchange between the blood and surrounding tissues. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: e
  4. The major function of the arterioles is to: (a) regulate flow of blood through capillary beds. (b) distribute the cardiac output to tissues. (c) serve as a pressure reservoir. (d) convert the intermittent flow from the heart to a steady outflow. (e) both (a) and (b) above. ANSWER: e
  5. Because the arteries have large radii, they serve as excellent rapid-transit passageways for blood. Their second function, related to their elasticity, is to act as a for maintaining blood flow during diastole. (a) cardiac reserve (b) venous reserve (c) arterial capacitance

(d) lymphatic reserve (e) pressure reservoir ANSWER: e

  1. The pressure measured in the arteries just before the next ventricular ejection of blood is: (a) systolic pressure. (b) diastolic pressure. (c) pulse pressure. (d) mean pressure. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: b
  2. Select the correct statement about veins. (a) Their walls are highly muscular. (b)Their walls consist of one layer of cells. (c) There are only about forty large ones in the body. (d) They serve as a blood reservoir. (e) They transport blood away from the heart. ANSWER: d
  3. The pulse pressure is the: (a) difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. (b) average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. (c) maximum pressure exerted in the arteries. (d) minimum pressure exerted in the arteries. (e) change in pressure that can be felt in an artery due to shutting of the aortic valve. ANSWER: a
  4. Mean arterial pressure is: (a) diastolic pressure + (systolic/3). (b) systolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). (c) diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3). (d) pulse pressure - (diastolic pressure/3). (e) pulse pressure + (systolic pressure/3). ANSWER: c
  5. If the arterial blood pressure is recorded at 132/84, what is the mean arterial pressure? (a) 100 mm Hg (b) 93 mm Hg (c) 108 mm Hg (d) 48 mm Hg (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: a P a g e 5 | 41
  1. Which of the following properties does not pertain to the arterioles? (a) Their radii cannot be changed. (b) Their walls contain a thick layer of smooth muscle. (c) They are responsible for the distribution of blood flow to the various organs. (d) They are the major vessels that contribute to total peripheral resistance. (e) They are richly innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. ANSWER: a
  2. As metabolic activity of an organ or tissue increases, blood flow to that organ increases. This phenomenon is known as: (a) pressure autoregulation. (b) tissue anoxia. (c) active hyperemia. (d) hypertension. (e) atherosclerosis. ANSWER: c
  3. The following local chemical changes occur during a period of increased cell activity except: (a) increased CO 2. (b) increased acid. (c) increased O 2. (d) increased K+. (e) increased osmolarity. ANSWER: c
    1. All of the following local chemical factors will cause vasodilation of arterioles, except: (a) decreased K+. (b) increased CO 2. (c) increased acid. (d) decreased O 2. (e) histamine release. ANSWER: a
    2. Increased respiration within a tissue leads to vasodilation of arterioles because: (a) Carbon dioxide levels increase. (b) Oxygen levels decrease. (c) Parasympathetic activity increases. (d) Parasympathetic activity decreases. (e) Both (a) and (b) above. ANSWER: e
    3. Endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is: P a g e 7 | 41

8 Chapter Ten (a) a local chemical mediator released from the endothelial cells that induces relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle in the vicinity. (b) adenosine. (c) nitric oxide. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER: e

  1. Which statements about nitric oxide is wrong? (a) NO increases the total peripheral resistance by its action on arteriolar smooth muscle. (b) NO serves as endothelial-derived relaxing factor. (c) NO is the direct mediator of penile erection. (d) NO is released as “chemical warfare” by macrophages of the immune system. (e) NO serves as a novel type of neurotransmitter in the brain. ANSWER: a
  2. Extrinsic control of arteriolar radius: (a) is accomplished primarily by the sympathetic nervous system. (b) is important in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. (c) can be overridden by local adjustments. (d) is accomplished primarily by the sympathetic nervous system and is important in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e
    1. During strenuous exercise, blood flow increases to: (a) the heart because of local control factors. (b) the brain because of reflex control factors. (c) the skeletal muscles because of local control factors. (d) both (a) and (c) above. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: d
    2. Most sympathetic fibers release at the arterioles. (a) acetylcholine. (b) dopamine. (c) GABA. (d) glycine. (e) norepinephrine. ANSWER: e

10 Chapter Ten (b) Heart. (c) Skin. (d) Brain. (e) Blood flow is increased to all of these tissues during exercise. ANSWER: d

  1. Which factor would reduce total peripheral resistance? (a) adrenal medulla hormones. (b) angiotensin II. (c) increased hematocrit. (d) anaphylaxis. (e) cardiovascular center activity. ANSWER: d
  2. Binding of epinephrine to alpha receptors causes: (a) smooth muscle relaxation in arteries. (b) smooth muscle relaxation in skeletal muscle arteries. (c) smooth muscle constriction in skeletal muscle arteries. (d) smooth muscle relaxation in coronary arteries. (e) none of these answer. ANSWER: b
  3. Active hyperemia: (a) refers to the arteriolar dilation that occurs within a tissue in response to local chemical changes that accompany increased metabolic activity of the tissue. (b) refers to local arteriolar mechanisms that are aimed at keeping tissue blood flow fairly constant in spite of rather wide deviations in mean arterial driving pressure. (c) refers to the increase in blood flow to a tissue that occurs after removal of an occlusion of its blood supply. (d) is important in maintaining an adequate pressure head to drive blood forward into a tissue. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: a
  4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of capillaries? (a) thin walls. (b) short distance between adjacent vessels. (c) distensible walls. (d) slow blood velocity. (e) large total surface area. ANSWER: c
  1. The largest total cross-sectional area is found in the: (a) aorta. (b) arterioles. (c) capillaries. (d) venules. (e) veins. ANSWER: c
  2. Through which vessel is the velocity of blood flow the slowest? (a) aorta. (b) arterioles. (c) capillaries. (d) venules. (e) veins. ANSWER: c
  3. The velocity of blood flow in capillaries: (a) is greater than that for arterioles. (b) is greater than that for veins. (c) is slow enough to favor adequate exchange. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER: c
  4. As the total cross-sectional area of the vascular tree , the velocity of blood flow . (a) increases, decreases (b) increases, increases (c) decreases, decreases (d) increases, remains constant (e) decreases, remains constant ANSWER: a
  5. Glucose, a water-soluble, lipid-insoluble substance, crosses capillary walls: (a) through water-filled pores. (b) directly through endothelial cells. (c) through water-filled pores and endothelial cells. (d) through gap junctions. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: a
  6. The movements of fluid across the capillary wall depend on all of the following except: (a) capillary blood pressure. (b) interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure. (c) plasma protein concentration. P a g e 11 | 41

(c) filtration, absorption, the same (d) length, filling, the same (e) protein content, blood pressure, the same ANSWER: a

  1. The principle force that causes movement of fluid from the tissues into the capillaries is the: (a) hydrostatic pressure of the venous. (b) hydrostatic pressure of the arterial blood. (c) osmotic pressure created by the plasma proteins. (d) pressure of the lymph. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: c
  2. What is the primary method by which materials such as O 2 , CO 2 and nutrients are exchanged between the blood and surrounding tissues? (a) passive diffusion of substances across the capillary wall down their concentration gradients. (b) active transport of materials across the capillary wall. (c) osmotic pressure drawing water and solutes out of the capillary and bringing these dissolved nutrients into contact with the tissue cells. (d) processes of ultrafiltration and reabsorption. (e) bulk flow. ANSWER: a
    1. Given the following parameters, what would the reabsorption pressure be?
    • blood capillary pressure at arteriolar end of tissue capillaries: 35 mm Hg
    • blood capillary pressure at venule end of tissue capillaries: 15 mm Hg
    • blood-colloid osmotic pressure: 22 mm Hg
    • interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure: 1 mm Hg
    • interstitial-fluid-colloid osmotic pressure: 0 mm Hg. (a) 6 mm Hg (b) 7 mm Hg (c) 8 mm Hg (d) 10 mm Hg (e) 22 mm Hg ANSWER: c
    1. Given the following forces acting at a given point across the capillary wall, what type of fluid movement will be taking place at that point?
    • Capillary blood pressure = 32 mm Hg
    • Blood-colloid osmotic pressure = 23 mm Hg
    • Interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure = 1 mm Hg P a g e 13 | 41

14 Chapter Ten

  • Interstitial-fluid-colloid osmotic pressure = 0 mm Hg (a) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 8 mm Hg. (b) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 10 mm Hg. (c) Ultrafiltration will occur with a net outward pressure of 56 mm Hg. (d) Reabsorption will occur with a net inward pressure of 24 mm Hg. (e) Reabsorption will occur with a net inward pressure of 10 mm Hg. ANSWER: a
  1. Which change will increase fluid reabsorption by the capillaries? (a) decreased interstitial-fluid hydrostatic pressure. (b) increased capillary blood pressure. (c) increased blood-colloid osmotic pressure. (d) increased interstitial-fluid-colloid osmotic pressure. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: c
  2. Which of the following alterations could lead to edema? (a) a fall in capillary blood pressure. (b) a fall in the concentration of plasma proteins. (c) blocked lymph vessels. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (b) and (c) above. ANSWER: e
  3. What is the primary reason that edema may occur with serious burns? (a) increased venous pressure due to interference with circulation through scarring in the burned area. (b) lowering of blood-colloid osmotic pressure due to the loss of protein- rich fluid from the surface of the burn. (c) blockage of lymphatic drainage from the burned area. (d) loss of protein in the urine. (e) increased tissue pressure. ANSWER: b
  4. Edema could result from: (a) blockage of lymph vessels, increased capillary blood pressure, and decreased blood-colloid osmotic pressure.

16 Chapter Ten

  1. Which vessels can act as a blood reservoir by adjusting their total capacity to accommodate variations in blood volume? (a) arteries. (b) arterioles. (c) capillaries. (d) veins. (e) lymph vessels. ANSWER: d
  2. Which vessels contain the highest percentage of total blood volume? (a) pulmonary veins. (b) pulmonary arteries. (c) systemic veins. (d) systemic arteries. (e) coronary arteries. ANSWER: c
  3. The venous valves: (a) actively contract to force blood uphill against gravity. (b) passively close to prevent the backflow of blood in the veins. (c) are positioned at the entrances to the atria. (d) both (b) and (c) above. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: b
  4. Heart and venous valves serve a similar function. They prevent a flow of blood. (a) forward. (b) backward. (c) turbulent. (d) pulsatile. (e) laminar. ANSWER: b
  5. The walls of the veins contain smooth muscle innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. Sympathetic stimulation venous pressure and drives blood into the heart. (a) increases, more. (b) increases, less. (c) decreases, more. (d) decreases, less. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: a
  1. Which of the following factors aids venous return to the heart? (a) Sympathetic stimulation increases venous pressure. (b) Skeletal muscle pump squeezes blood through the veins. (c) Respiratory pump provides a pressure gradient between the lower and chest veins. (d) Venous valves prevent backflow of blood. (e) All of these answers. ANSWER: e
  2. Increased venous return: (a) is encouraged by vasocontraction. (b) occurs when heart has greater contractility. (c) is enhanced by salt retention. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e
  3. The two determinants of mean arterial pressure are and. (a) stroke volume, compliance of vessel walls. (b) heart rate, stroke volume. (c) heart rate, end-diastolic volume. (d) cardiac output, total peripheral resistance. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: d
    1. Which factor does not positively affect blood pressure? (a) skeletal muscle activity. (b) aldosterone release. (c) renin release. (d) calcium reabsorption. (e) increased venous return. ANSWER: d
    2. Mean arterial blood pressure: (a) equals stroke volume times heart rate. (b) is 91 mm Hg when the blood pressure is recorded as 117/78. (c) is 97.5 mm Hg when the blood pressure is recorded as 117/78. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER: b
    3. When the blood pressure becomes elevated above normal: P a g e 17 | 41

ANSWER: a

  1. Regulation of arterial pressure is mediated by reflex mechanisms. One important pressure receptor, a , is located in the . (a) chemoreceptor, carotid sinus. (b) exteroceptor, carotid sinus. (c) baroreceptor, carotid sinus. (d) chemoreceptor, skeletal muscles. (e) baroreceptor, skeletal muscles. ANSWER: c
  2. The vasomotor center responds to rising H+/CO 2 by: (a) vasodilating arteries. (b) vasoconstricting arteries. (c) increasing respiratory rate. (d) inhibiting cardioinhibitory center. (e) stimulating cardioacceleratory center. ANSWER: b
  3. Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except one. Identify the exception. (a) increased levels of aldosterone. (b) increased levels of angiotensin II. (c) increased blood volume. (d) increased levels of oxygen. (e) increased levels of vasopressin. ANSWER: d
    1. When the receptor potential of the baroreceptors decreases, the cardiovascular center responds by bringing about an increase in: (a) stroke volume. (b) venous return. (c) total peripheral resistance. (d) two of these answers. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e
    2. A sudden increase in pressure within the carotid sinus leads to: (a) increased sympathetic nerve activity. (b) increased sympathetic nerve activity and decreased parasympathetic nerve activity. (c) decreased sympathetic nerve activity and increased parasympathetic nerve activity. (d) decreased sympathetic nerve activity. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER: c P a g e 19 | 41

20 Chapter Ten

  1. refers to a chronic state of increased arterial pressure: (a) shock. (b) congestive heart failure. (c) pulmonary edema. (d) angina pectoris. (e) hypertension. ANSWER: e
  2. Which of the following does not occur as a compensation for hemorrhage? (a) shift of fluid from the interstitial fluid into the plasma. (b) reduced urinary output. (c) increased capillary permeability. (d) increased cardiac output. (e) increased synthesis of plasma proteins. ANSWER: c
  3. Hypertension may be caused by all of these except: (a) renal disease. (b) hardening of the arteries. (c) suppression of baroreceptors. (d) salt imbalances. (e) adrenal medullary tumors. ANSWER: c
  4. Shock may develop: (a) from loss of blood. (b) from low cardiac output. (c) from anaphylaxis. (d) excess vasodilation. (e) all of these answers. ANSWER: e
    1. Which is not a compensation mechanism for blood loss? (a) fluid shift from ICF to plasma. (b) venous vasoconstriction. (c) lowered angiotensin II production. (d) thirst. (e) increased renal reabsorption of salt and water. ANSWER: c
    2. Varicose veins develop mainly from the incompetent function of the (a) connective tissue lining. (b) endothelium. (c) lack of a pressure gradient. (d) smooth muscle.