The Bones And Skeleton: - Joints, Slides of Anatomy

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The Bones And Skeleton:

Joints

Three Types of Joints

• A joint is the point where two or more bones meet. It is also called an articulation (noun). When two bones meet and form a joint, we say that they articulate (verb) with one another.
• There are three main types of joints; Fibrous (immoveable), Cartilagenous (partially moveable) and the Synovial (freely moveable) joint.

Cartilagenous

• Cartilagenous (partially moveable): These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made up of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, for example, between vertebrae in the spine and between the breastbone and the ribs.
• Synchondroses are cartilagenous joints that are temporary joints. They are only present in children, up until the end of puberty. For example the epiphyseal plates in long bones. Symphesis joints are permanent cartilagenous joints, for example the pubic symphysis.

Synovial Joints

• Synovial (freely moveable): Synovial joints are by far the most common classification of joint within the human body. They are highly moveable and all have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the entire joint, a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid (a lubricating liquid) and hyaline cartilage that pads the ends of the articulating bones. There are 6 types of synovial joints which are classified by the shape of the joint and the movement available.

Six Types of Synovial Joints

• Pivot
• Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis.
• Movement produced: Rotation of one bone around another
• Example: Top of the neck

Six Types of Synovial Joints

• Ball and Socket
• A ball and socket joint allows for movement in almost any direction.
• Movement produced: Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Abduction/Internal & External Rotation/TRUE 360° circumduction
• Example: Shoulder/Hip

Six Types of Synovial Joints

• Condyloid/Ellipsoid
• Ellipsoid joints are similar to a ball and socket joint. They allow the same type of movement to a lesser magnitude. They do not allow rotation.
• Movement produced: Flexion/Extension/Adduction/ Abduction/ “circumduction”
• Example: Wrist joints

Six Types of Synovial Joints

• Gliding/Plane
• In a gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other.
• "Gliding" joints permit a wide range of mostly sideways movements. The key thing to remember about gliding joints is that they permit circular movement, which ordinarily would not be possible with a single hinge-like joint such as the elbow.
• Movement produced: Gliding movements
• Example: Intercarpal joints