MATTER, Atomic Structure,
Periodic Table, Electronic
Configuration
Prepared by: Romaenia S. Salazar, RMT, MAT
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Guidelines and tips
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Composition, Lecture notes of Science education
An introduction to the concept of matter, including its definitions, properties, and the distinction between physical and chemical changes. It also covers the topics of energy, composition, and the classification of matter. exercises and examples to help illustrate the concepts.
Typology: Lecture notes
2021/2022
1 / 83
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Related documents
Partial preview of the text
Download Understanding Matter: Properties, Changes, and Composition and more Lecture notes Science education in PDF only on Docsity!
MATTER, Atomic Structure,
Periodic Table, Electronic
Configuration
Prepared by: Romaenia S. Salazar, RMT, MAT
Chemistry
Is the study of matter, its properties,
the changes that matter undergoes,
& the energy associated with these changes.
Matter is anything that has
mass and occupies space
Figure 1.
A Physical change B Chemical change
The distinction between physical and chemical change.
Figure 1.2 (^) The physical states of matter.
Sample Problem 1.1 Distinguishing Between Physical and Chemical Change
PROBLEM: Decide whether each of the following process is primarily a physical or a chemical change, and explain briefly:
PLAN: “Does the substance change composition or just change form?”
SOLUTION:
(a) Frost forms as the temperature drops on a humid winter night. (b) A cornstalk grows from a seed that is watered and fertilized. (c) Dynamite explodes to form a mixture of gases. (d) Perspiration evaporates when you relax after jogging. (e) A silver fork tarnishes slowly in air.
(a) physical change (b) chemical change (c) chemical change
(d) physical change (e) chemical change
energy due to the position of the object or
Potential Energy energy from a chemical reaction
Kinetic Energy energy due to the motion of the object
Energy is the capacity to do work.
Potential and kinetic energy can be interconverted.
Energy is the capacity to do
work.
Figure 1.3B
less stable
more stable
change in potential energy EQUALS kinetic energy
A system of two balls attached by a spring. The potential energy gained by a stretched spring is converted to kinetic energy when the moving balls are released.
Energy is the capacity to do
work.
Figure 1.3C
less stable
more stable
change in potential energy EQUALS kinetic energy
A system of oppositely charged particles. The potential energy gained when the charges are separated is converted to kinetic energy as the attraction pulls these charges together.
The Study of Chemistry
Scientists follow a set of guidelines known as the scientific method :
- OBSERVATION
- HYPOTHESIS
- EXPERIMENT
- MODEL
Scientific Approach: Developing a Model
Observations : Natural phenomena and measured events; universally consistent ones can be stated as a natural law.
Hypothesis: Tentative proposal that explains observations.
Experiment: Procedure to test hypothesis; measures one variable at a time.
Model (Theory): Set of conceptual assumptions that explains data from accumulated experiments; predicts related phenomena.
Further Experiment: Tests predictions based on model.
revised if experiments do not support it
altered if predictions do not support it
Mass
- A measure of how much
matter is in an object.
Volume
- The amount of space that
matter occupies.
Density
The measurement
of how much mass
of a substance is
contained in a
given volume.
Density = Mass
Volume
Freezing point
- The temperature at which
a liquid changes into a
solid.