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The cloning process

Starting from Dolly the sheep By Lucia Onofri, Alessandra Varisco, Sveva Sinistri, Laura Verzeletti

What is cloning?

• (^) Cloning is a process which allows to create a new organism starting from an already existing one, genetically identical to the first one, used as a template

How does artificial cloning

work?

• (^) S omatic C ell N uclear T ransfers (SCNT) is used to create genetically identical animals
• (^) The process starts with the transfer of a nucleus from a donor adult cell to an egg or to a cell from a blastocyst (both without the nucleus) DONOR ADULT CELL Nucleus CELL FROM A BLASTOCYSTS

EGG

• (^) Then the egg is transferred to the uterus of the surrogate mother

Which animals has been

cloned after Dolly?

After Dolly, dozen of animals has been clonated all over the world. For example:

• (^) Ralph the rat, in 2003
• (^) Prometea the horse, in 2003
• (^) Snuppy the Afghan Hound, in 2005
• (^) Samrupa the water buffalo, in 2009

Also two extinct animals were clonated:

- (^) Pyrenean Ibex (a type of goat) in Spain in 2009, but the animal died after seven minutes of lungs defects. It was extinguished since 2000 - (^) Gastric brooding frog in Australia in 2013, but the embryos died after few days. It was extinguished since 1983

Sources

• (^) www.learn.genetics.utah.edu.com
• (^) www.snappywords.com
• (^) www.wikipedia.org
• (^) www.science.howstuffwork.com
• (^) G. Fazzina, C. Leanti, CLIL for science, Tramontana