The Design Process - Lecture Notes | ENGE 1114 | Study notes Engineering

Chapter 2 – The Design Process

2.1

- Questions asked help lead the design and establishes a step process that moves the designer from

the abstract client statement towards and engineering solution

Design Specifications – requirements stating how the design is to function or perform; determines how

it is measured

1. Prescribe values for attributes of the design

2. Specify procedures for calculating attributes or behavior

3. Specify the performance of the design’s behavior

- Form and layout are related to its function

- There are no equations for safety, color, marketability

- Vast array of choices to make in the design

- Clarifying objectives and translating them into the right languages are essential elements of design

oGood communication among all 3 parties of triangle is essential

- Performing the design tasks in the design process requires translating the client’s objectives into the

correct symbolism that are needed to characterize and describe the object and its behavior

oMust be both pics. And words

2.2.1

3 Phases of the Design Process:

1. Generation: the designer generates the various design concepts

2. Evaluation: the designer tests the chosen design against metrics that reflect the client’s

objectives and requirement

3. Communication: designer communicates the final design to the client, manufacturers

Another 3 stage model 1. Research 2. Creating design 3. Implementing design

“Active” Stages:

- Starting point = problem statement by client/ need for design

Ending point = final design

Phase 1: conceptual design- different concepts are generated, major functions identified, estimate cost,

dimensions, weights

Phase 2: preliminary design/embodiment of schemes- select major subsystems, choose best design,

basic calculations

Phase 3: detailed design- refine the choices made in preliminary design, great detail, find relevant

knowledge

*can be extended through Problem definition (frames the problem by clarifying original problem,

precedes the 3 phases) and design communication(identifies the work done after detailed design to

present final design and specs)

2.2.2

Prescriptive model - prescribes or specifies what is done in each phase in terms of 15 design tasks

Begins w/ problem statement and ends w/documentation

Each phase has inputs and design tasks and produces outputs

Chart layout; after charts brief listing of the sources of Info., design methods, and means relevant to

tasks in that phase

oOutput for one phase in input for the other

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Chapter 2 – The Design Process

Questions asked help lead the design and establishes a step process that moves the designer from the abstract client statement towards and engineering solution Design Specifications – requirements stating how the design is to function or perform; determines how it is measured
1. Prescribe values for attributes of the design
2. Specify procedures for calculating attributes or behavior
3. Specify the performance of the design’s behavior
Form and layout are related to its function
There are no equations for safety, color, marketability
Vast array of choices to make in the design
Clarifying objectives and translating them into the right languages are essential elements of design o Good communication among all 3 parties of triangle is essential
Performing the design tasks in the design process requires translating the client’s objectives into the correct symbolism that are needed to characterize and describe the object and its behavior o Must be both pics. And words 2.2. 3 Phases of the Design Process:

Generation: the designer generates the various design concepts
Evaluation: the designer tests the chosen design against metrics that reflect the client’s objectives and requirement
Communication: designer communicates the final design to the client, manufacturers Another 3 stage model 1. Research 2. Creating design 3. Implementing design “Active” Stages:

Starting point = problem statement by client/ need for design Ending point = final design Phase 1 : conceptual design- different concepts are generated, major functions identified, estimate cost, dimensions, weights Phase 2: preliminary design/embodiment of schemes- select major subsystems, choose best design, basic calculations Phase 3: detailed design- refine the choices made in preliminary design, great detail, find relevant knowledge *can be extended through Problem definition (frames the problem by clarifying original problem, precedes the 3 phases) and design communication (identifies the work done after detailed design to present final design and specs) 2.2. Prescriptive model - prescribes or specifies what is done in each phase in terms of 15 design tasks  Begins w/ problem statement and ends w/documentation  Each phase has inputs and design tasks and produces outputs  Chart layout; after charts brief listing of the sources of Info., design methods, and means relevant to tasks in that phase o Output for one phase in input for the other

Sources of info: problem definitions Design methods: objectives trees and comparison charts Iterations- repeatedly apply a common method at different points in the design process  Typically occur in more refined points in the design process

Linear sequences w/ iterations where repeats in the design process should occur 2.3.
Unwise to commit to a particular concept or configuration until forced to by the exhaustion of additional info, alternative choices, or time = least commitment Decomposition (divide and conquer) – breaking down, subdividing or decomposing larger prob. Into subproblems b/c easier to solve 2.3. 5 Formal Stages of the Design Process
1. Objective Trees- clarity & better understand a client’s project statement; hierarchical lists of clients objectives
2. Pairwise Comparison Charts (PCCs)- simple device in which we list the objectives as both rows and columns in a matrix or chart then compare on a pair by pair basis
3. Establishing Metrics – assessing how well a design’s objectives are achieved
4. Functional Analysis – ids what a design must do; “black box” = boundary between the device and its surroundings, inputs and outputs a. Tracking the flow of energy, info, materials through the device b. Detailing how energy is used or converted and how info are processed to produce the desired functions
5. Performance specification method- provides support for the elaboration of the requirements that reflect how a design will function; lists performance specs
6. Morphological chart – ids the ways or means that can be used to make the required functions happen a. Functions are expressed as a verb-noun action pairs 2.3.

Means for acquiring information a. Literature reviews = used to enhance our understanding of the nature of potential users, clients, and design prob. b. User surveys and questionnaires = used in market research; id user understanding of the prob. & user responsibility to solutions c. Focus Groups = observes the response of approx. selected users and other to potential designs d. Informal interviews – undertaken very early in a design project when still trying to id. A project e. Structured interview- eliciting info. That combines the consistency of a survey w/ the flexibility of informal interviews; structured questions f. Brainstorming = synectic activity: uncovers or develops analogies between one type of problem and other types of problems g. Competitive products are benchmarked h. Reverse engineering/ dissection of competitive products
Means for analyzing info. And testing outcomes

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Chapter 2 – The Design Process