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KIN 2501 Jacobsen with correct questions and answers Exam 2
What are the major themes of sport and activity in Modern America? - >>>1. The Good Life
- Contributions of other countries
- Perceived value guiding daily lives
- Social organizations
- Technology/industrial revolution
- Changing concept of sport and physical education Why did people want to come to the United States? - >>>Because of the promise and dream of a good life that they would do whatever they wanted with The American Dream What is an example of how sports changed to meet the needs of spectators, provide safety to players, and promote media? - >>>Tennis chanted to tie breakers instead of winning by 2 sets. What happened in the 1500's? - >>>Discovery of the New World What were Native Americans doing in the 1500's? - >>>Sports, physical activity, dance, traditions, rituals all played a very important role in their lives What were the two most popular sports among Native Americans? - >>>Lacrosse and field hockey What happened in the 1600's? - >>>Settlement in the New World What happened in the 1700's? - >>>Colonies fought for their independence and expansion
What happened in the 1800's? - >>>Era of Good Feeling--the US was at peace, government had been established, and the telegraph/railroad/transportation were all being invented Who lived in Massachusetts during the colonial era? - >>>Pilgrims Why did the Pilgrims come here? - >>>Search for new life, religion, and freedom What was the Puritan Work Ethic? - >>>1. Very strong religious beliefs
- Their service was to God
- No work on Sunday
- Devoted to hard work
- A lot of discipline What was one thing they did not believe in? - >>>Idol play (no fun) What was their primary motivator in life? - >>>Survival--everything they did (all activities) on a daily basis was solely just to add to their survival What sports were prohibited in Pilgrim life? - >>>Sporting activities such as sledding, football, dancing, swimming, ninepins, shuffleboard, horses races, soccer, etc. Was there a strong desire to set up schools in Pilgrim Massachusetts? - >>>YES What type of schools did they develop? - >>>Public schools (other colonies in England soon began to copy this)
What two words relate to the Dutch/Germans the most? - >>>Diligence and Wealth Seekers What was New York considered during this time? - >>>The sport capital of the United States Who organized the first formal horse race? - >>>The governor of New York organized the first formal horse races were they charged for admission, awarded prizes, set time aside for future, regular horse races Were Dutch/Germans considered upper or lower class? - >>>Upper class How did the Dutch/Germans differentiate from the Pilgrims? - >>>They engaged in a lot of fun and disarmament. What were two popular games in New York? - >>>Pulling the Goose Club the Cat Who lived in Pennsylvania during the colonial era? - >>>Quakers Why did the Quakers move to the New World? - >>>Religious freedom What was another name for the Quakers? - >>>A Society of Friends Who was the church leader of the Quakers? - >>>William Penn Who did this territory welcome? - >>>Settlers from several other European counties like Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, and Ireland
Who were two important men in the Quaker community? - >>>Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin What activities did the Quakers enjoy? - >>>Ice skating Fishing Swimming Hunting What did they support? - >>>Physical education Nationalism Becoming collectively strong What is nationalism? - >>>Pride in one's country What was Ben Franklin's book about? - >>>The book said that to keep people's health in good shape, they should exercise by swimming What was his book about swimming called? - >>>Art of Swimming Rendered Easy What was the leading Southern Colony? - >>>Virginia Why did they come to the new world? - >>>Economic opportunity What was the main crop in Virginia? - >>>Tobacco Was physical activity embraced in this community? - >>>YES--if you worked on a farm, you had to be in good physical condition
Dice Betting Gambling Was there early education in the 1600's? - >>>YES Describe elementary education in 1647. - >>>No PE activity No girls Involved reading, writing, religion, catechism, and arithmetic Normally in 1 building 1-50 families in the community Describe secondary education in 1647. - >>>Latin Grammar School Religious learning 1-100 families in the community Taught more than elementary Prepared men for law, ministry, and medicine No girls Describe higher education (academies). - >>>Lifelong practical skills Replaced secondary schools Academic subjects Physical activity promoted Who developed the first Academy? - >>>Benjamin Franklin
What was Franklin's physical activity focused on? - >>>SWIMMING Running Leaping Wrestling By 1840, what happened? - >>>133 towns had more than 2,500 people The country had grown! By now, how many states belonged to the Union? - >>>26 states By now, which cities were commercial and social centers? - >>>1. Boston
- New York
- Philadelphia
- Baltimore
- Charleston By now, how many immigrants were in the New World? - >>>12 million What was the time period called from 1800-1860? - >>>The Era of Good Feeling What happened during The Era of Good Feeling? - >>>Expansion Establishment of government LA Purchase
William Morgan--volleyball--YMCA What are the 7 "serious" sports? - >>>1. Horse racing
- Boxing
- Rowing
- Yacht racing
- Baseball
- Track and field (also called athletics during this time)
- Football When was The Most Important Race of the Colonial Era? - >>> What sport promoted the beginning of organized sport? - >>>Horse racing Where was it most popular? - >>>In the south (in established cities) Gambling in the northern cities made it controversial, so it was banned there for about 10 years in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey Why was it popular in the south? - >>>Rich people owned horses Importing/breeding/training of horses was common Who were the jockeys and trainers? - >>>Slaves What were the popular states of horse racing? - >>>Maryland
Virginia Louisiana Alabama Kentucky Where was the National Race Course built? - >>>Washington D.C. Where was boxing in the early 1800's popular? - >>>The south Boxing was perceived as brutal by the upper class What were the rules of boxing? - >>>Boxed with care knuckles Few rules Win at any cost Traveling "professionals" The match ended when someone gave up or could no physically fight anymore Mostly men Who were the ones doing the boxing? - >>>Slaves The matches were staged by slave owners Who was Tom Molyneaux? - >>>A Virginian slave who fought British Champ, Tom Cribb, in a boxing match
What were the rules? - >>>9 players on the field Bases 90 feet apart 21 outs total during the game with changes after 3 outs Ball pitched underhand ("pitched for the bat") Foul lines were the same Umpires sat at a table, kept score, and noted violations Considered an out if the ball bounced once and someone caught it Homerun and fly ball rules were the same What baseball referred to as the popular New York areas? - >>>Adult recreational sport What happened with baseball in 1858? - >>>Games between "all-star" teams were played What happened with baseball in 1860? - >>>Underhand was changed to overhand Who was credited with throwing the first overhand pitch? - >>>Candy Cummings How was the National Association of Baseball Players formed? - >>>The Knickerbockers hosted a meeting with 22 other New York teams--the players ran the league (no owners)
Explain baseball PRIOR to the Civil War. - >>>Known mostly in New England Played by gentlemen Explain baseball DURING the Civil War. - >>>Played by Union and Confederate soldiers Spontaneous games to pass time Explain baseball AFTER the Civil War. - >>>Was spread across the country All social classes "The National Pastime" Could be played anywhere Who was the first professional baseball team? - >>>1869 Cincinnati Red-Stockings Who was James Naismith? - >>>Graduated from Seminary Created the game of basketball First basketball coach at Kansas What was James Naismith's relation to the YMCA? - >>>He trained people in Christian ideals at the YMCA Training School What was his goal at the YMCA? - >>>To create an indoor sport that involved the whole class ( people) and kept them in good shape What were the first baskets/goals for basketball? - >>>Peach baskets
What award was created in 1902? - >>>You got an award if your team never let the ball go out of bounds How many points were typically scored in a game? - >>>2 to 3 What was another name for basketball players during this time? - >>>Cagers Who introduced the game of basketball to women? - >>>Senda Berenson What changes were made for women? - >>>3 zones (you can't move outside of the zones) 6 or 9 players on a team Stealing not allowed Clothing restricted the movement of women How was the game of basketball spread? - >>>1. Visitors to YMCA Training School
- YMCA Newsletter
- YMCA graduates Who was the basketball Hall of Fame named after? - >>>James Naismith What was the second sport of the YMCA? - >>>Volleyball Who founded volleyball? - >>>William Morgan in 1895 at Holyoke, MA at the YMCA What was volleyball also called? - >>>Minonette
What were some of the rules of volleyball? - >>>6'6 net No limit on players 9 innings--each inning, three serves by each team If the first serve hit the net, you got another try No limit on number of hits before the ball could cross Where was volleyball introduced in 1900? - >>>Canada Cuba by the US army Japan by Japanese graduate of the YMCA What was the 1916 Philippines strategy? - >>>They were the first to introduce the set and spike routine What also did the Filipinos develop? - >>>The "bomba" or "kill" (now called a spike) What did they call the hitter? - >>>Bomberino What are the three main positions in volleyball now? - >>>Middle hitters, outside hitters, and libero What was the first intercollegiate event and who was it played against? - >>>Rowing between Yale and Harvard
How long did he spend in jail? - >>>20 days in jail or a $25 fine What was the impact of separate but equal on education? - >>>Education was completely separated as well What was the Tuskegee Institute? - >>>Opened by Booker T Washington One of the most prominent African American training schools What was a training school? - >>>The school you went to that trained you to be a teacher What were the first two training schools? - >>>YMCA Training School in Springfield, MA Newcomb College (Tulane University) What was Newcomb College? - >>>It used to be a women's college Who were the first 3 PE leaders/thinkers? - >>>1. Dudley Sargent
- William Anderson
- Amy Morris Homans Who was Dudley Sargent? - >>>He was an exercise psychologist who designed strength training equipment and founded Harvard Fatigue Lab
What was the name of his private school? - >>>Sargent Normal School What did he do when Harvard recruited him for their PE department? - >>>Designed machines (leg machines) Wrote specific exercise programs for students What was the Harvard Fatigue Lab? - >>>It showed the inner workings of the body and how you can get those cells and tissues to form better with exercise Who was William Anderson? - >>>He organized meetings of college PE faculties and founded the AAPE (50 to 60 people) What is the AAPE today? - >>>AAHPERD (no clue what this stands for) What did he teach? - >>>How to deal with obesity and how to deal with teachers that weren't teaching physical education properly Who was Amy Morris Homans? - >>>She organized and hosted the "Boston Conference on Physical Training" What did she debate? - >>>Philosophies that people were using for physical education How does sport become a larger part of American Life? - >>>Professional baseball begins Football is incited and drives college athletes Basketball is invented Tennis is imported The Modern Olympics start
