THE EAR: PRACTICAL
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY:
J.W. Loock, Dept. of ORL
Faculty of Health Sciences
US/TBH
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Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear: External, Middle, and Inner Ear, Schemes and Mind Maps of Anatomy
An in-depth exploration of the human ear's anatomy and physiology, covering the external, middle, and inner ear. Topics include the functions of the pinna, external auditory meatus, eardrum, middle ear, and inner ear, as well as the role of the Eustachian tube, mastoid air cell system, cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. Students will learn about the structures and functions of each part of the ear, as well as the importance of the vestibulocochlear nerve in transmitting auditory and vestibular information to the brain.
Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps
2021/2022
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THE EAR: PRACTICAL
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY:
J.W. Loock, Dept. of ORL Faculty of Health Sciences
US/TBH
Some questions you should be able to answer
by the end of this lecture:
•^
Where (anatomically) may/may you not wear an earring?
-^
Why should you throw you earbuds away?
-^
What makes it possible to hear whispered “sweet nothings”?
-^
Why should airlines give you gum to chew on descent?
-^
Why does syringing an old lady’s ear with cold tapwatermake her dizzy?
-^
How does the ear differentiate between low & high-pitchedsounds?
-^
Why do your ears ring after a rave party?
Ear: The 3 Parts:
Middle Ear Cleft: ^
Middle Ear itself
^
Eustachian Tube
^
Mastoid Air Cell System
Ear: The 3 Parts:
Inner Ear: “The Labyrinth” ^
Cochlea ^
Vestibule:
Utricle Saccule Semicircular Canals
^
Vestibulocochlear Nerve --> CNS
Middle Ear Cleft:
Middle Ear itself ^
Eustachian Tube
^
Mastoid Air Cell System
Middle ear Cleft: parts:
•^
Middle ear per se:^ –
Mesotympanum – Epitympanum (“attic”) – Hypotympanum
-^
Eustachian Tube
-^
Mastoid:^ –
“Antrum” – Aditus – Air cells
Left M.E.Cleft
Middle ear Physiology:
•^
Aeration: •Eustachian tube •Mastoid air cell “reservoir”
-^
Mucosa
-^
Sound amplification •TM •Ossicles
Middle ear Physiology:
•^
Aeration: •Eustachian tube •Mastoid air cell “reservoir”
-^
Mucosa
-^
Sound amplification •TM •Ossicles
Ear: The 3 Parts:
Inner Ear: “The Labyrinth” ^
Cochlea ^
Vestibule:
Utricle Saccule Semicircular Canals
^
Vestibulocochlear Nerve --> CNS
THE INNER EAR:
^
Cochlea ^
Vestibule:
Utricle Saccule Semicircular Canals
^
Vestibulocochlear Nerve --> CNS
The Inner Ear: Cochlea: Function:
HEARING: Sound wave travels up
Basilar Membrane
Pitch (frequency)
determines place of max.displacement
Hair cells of Organ of Corti
on Basilar Membranetransform movement intoelectrical impulses =>Cochlear Nerve=>Cerebral Cortex
INNER EAR: PHYSIOLOGY:
Cochlea
Vestibular labyrinthSaccule + Utricle
+^
Semicircular canals
Hearing
Static position + linear
Angular acceleration
accelerationMaculae: Hair cells +
Ampullary crista: Hair
statoconial membrane
cells + cupulae
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN)
….
….
EQUILIBRIUM:ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF VESTIBULARAPPARATUSMACULA (of utricle & saccule)•^
Hair cells
-^
Statoconial membrane (CaCo3 crystals in mucopolysaccharide bed)
-^
Static position & linear acceleration
EQUILIBRIUM: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF VESTIBULAR APPARATUS MACULA (of utricle & saccule) •^
Hair cells
-^
Statoconial membrane (CaCo3 crystals in mucopolysaccharide bed)
-^
Static position & linear acceleration