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The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Exams of Nursing

Cheyney University of PennsylvaniaNursing

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a structured process for developing information systems. It consists of key phases, including planning, analysis, design, testing, and implementation. The SDLC ensures the system meets the organization's goals, requirements, and constraints, and is implemented and maintained effectively. This overview covers the SDLC's phases, objectives, roles, and tools, providing valuable information for students, professionals, and organizations involved in information systems development.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/17/2024

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Nurse Informatics BC - System Life Cycle final exam with answers
/accurate and verified/2025/detailed
1.What is the systems development life cycle?: The SDLC is a process for developing
information systems in a deliberate, structured, and methodical manner.
2.What do clinical analysts DO?: TAKE IT APART AND PUT IT BACK
3.What is the first phase of the systems development life cycle?: System Planning
4.Define the planning phase of the systems development life cycle.: The first phase of the
SDLC.
It sets the foundation for a successful project.
5.What are the key objectives of the planning phase of the systems develop- ment life
cycle?: Identifying goals
Setting scope Engaging
stakeholders
Identifying required functionality Evaluating
cost/benefit
6.What needs identified when PLANNING for a system development?: Cus- tomer needs
High level functions
Target market Market
size
Key stakeholders
7.What needs assessed when PLANNING for a system development?: Align- ment with
company goals
Strategic direction Capabilities of
the competition Create the business
case
8.What needs identified when PLANNING for a system selection and imple- mentation?:
Problems/Opportunities
Scope
Desired outcomes
Key stakeholders -- where are they taking the organization (returns to system development)?
Dependencies
9.What needs assessed when PLANNING for a system selection and imple- mentation?:
RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)
Cost: Budget for personnel, hardware, licensing, consulting, supplies, and other costs.
Benefit types: Tangible and intangible
10.When assessing a system in the planning phase, what are some examples of goals?:
Medical information available across the continuum of care
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Nurse Informatics BC - System Life Cycle final exam with answers /accurate and verified/2025/detailed

  1. What is the systems development life cycle?: The SDLC is a process for developing information systems in a deliberate, structured, and methodical manner.
  2. What do clinical analysts DO?: TAKE IT APART AND PUT IT BACK
  3. What is the first phase of the systems development life cycle?: System Planning
  4. Define the planning phase of the systems development life cycle.: The first phase of the SDLC. It sets the foundation for a successful project.
  5. What are the key objectives of the planning phase of the systems develop- ment life cycle?: Identifying goals Setting scope Engaging stakeholders Identifying required functionality Evaluating cost/benefit
  6. What needs identified when PLANNING for a system development?: Cus- tomer needs High level functions Target market Market size Key stakeholders
  7. What needs assessed when PLANNING for a system development?: Align- ment with company goals Strategic direction Capabilities of the competition Create the business case
  8. What needs identified when PLANNING for a system selection and imple- mentation?: Problems/Opportunities Scope Desired outcomes Key stakeholders -- where are they taking the organization (returns to system development)? Dependencies
  9. What needs assessed when PLANNING for a system selection and imple- mentation?: RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) Cost: Budget for personnel, hardware, licensing, consulting, supplies, and other costs. Benefit types: Tangible and intangible
  10. When assessing a system in the planning phase, what are some examples of goals?: Medical information available across the continuum of care

Multidisciplinary access to the information Data query capability!! (ANALYTICS) Meaningful Use Patient Safety

  1. What are some examples of tools used during planning?: Stakeholder/User analysis Review the Marketplace Request for Information - Multiple vendors!! Feasibility Analysis - technical reqs vs viability Gap Analysis - needs vs offers
  2. What is a feasibility analysis?: Comparing the operational viability (cost effec- tiveness) to the technical requirements. Technical feasibility vs resource requirements! IS IT GOING TO WORK FOR US??
  3. What are the three major questions of a gap analysis?: 1. What does it look like today? Current state. 2.Where are we going? Strategy! 3.How do we get there? Plan!
  4. What are the three major components of a feasibility analysis?: 1. Technical
  • what is required at minimum 2.Operational - will the system be used/operate 3.Economic - all combined costs
  1. What are the NI's roles/skills during system development (analysis)?: Mar- ket research Subject matter expert System analyst Author of scope documents, feasibility assessments Respond to RFIs/RFPs Engage legal department Request for Information
  2. What are the NI's roles/skills during system implementation?: project man- ager subject matter expert system analyst author of project charter, gap analyses, system selection plan, RFIs, RFPs and other artifacts Change Manager
  3. What should always be expected after the implementation of an EHR?: - CHANGE!!
  1. What is System Analysis?: The study of current practices and defining user requirements for new applications.
  2. What are the key objectives of the systems analysis phase?: Outlining user requirements, processes, data flows and workflows!! Outlining detailed system specifications Conducting the actual market analyses
  3. Can you proceed to implementation without workflow analysis?: YOU SHOULD NOT. Without workflow analysis, you are only automating a paper process ALONG with all of the errors and failures inherent to it.
  4. What are the goals of System Analysis r/t: development?: Understand and prioritize gaps/needs. Understand and diagram workflows, data flows, & processes. Document technical & functional specifications Outline the anticipated impact of the new system on existing processes. OUTLINE FUTURE STATE WORKFLOWS
  5. What are the goals of System Analysis r/t: Implementation?: Detailed as- sessment of gaps/needs Understand "must have" functionalities Conduct market survey Develop RFI and RFP questions. Establish a selection process including decision/scoring methodology ASSESS ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR CHANGE!
  6. What are the tools of analysis r/t development?: Stakeholder interviews, focus groups Workplace observation Artifact analysis - forms/documents Diagrams - workflows, context diagrams MANY OTHERS... See the business analysis book of knowledge.
  7. What are the tools of analysis r/t implementation?: Gap Analysis RFI RFP Results - RFI/RFP Scoring Tools
  8. What is an RFI?: Request for Information - Informal request for information about products of interest.
  9. What is an RFP?: Request for Proposal - Formal request for customized answers to specific questions about product function- ality, capabilities, and cost.
  1. What are the outputs of the analysis phase r/t development?: Report of stakeholder interviews (user requirements) Regulatory requirements Current/Future state diagrams Product scope document Functional requirements Technical requirements
  2. What are the outputs of the analysis phase r/t implementation?: Prioritized user requirements Regulatory requirements Current/Future state diagrams RFI/RFPs Product demos, reference calls, site visits Product selection scoring document Final recommendations Readiness assessment
  3. What are some informatics roles/skills used in the analysis phase?: Subject matter expert Project manager (implementation) Systems analyst Author of specifications, current/future state diagrams Author of user requirements, AFIs, RFPs
  4. When process flows are compared in current vs future state, what often needs changed/re-written?: Policies and procedures. Make these changes PRIOR to implementation!
  5. What is the 3rd phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle?: Design & Development, Customization
  6. Define the Design, Development & Customization phase.: It is the "construc- tion" phase of the SDLC. In development, user requirements are translated into new software solutions.
  7. What are the goals of Design/Dev/Config phase r/t system development?- : Dev teams write code to convert functional/tech specifications into software appli- cations. Usability testing of early versions & --> enhancements. Stakeholder reviews to ensure product is matching vision/scope originally planned.
  8. What are the goals of Design/Dev/Config phase r/t implementation?: EHRs do not come "out of the box" as a "plug & play". A lot of customization regarding data elements, documentation templates, and
  1. What are the outputs of the Design/Dev/Config phase related to system implementation?: Vendor system configuration Change management end user education artifacts Project Management tracking artifacts Clinical committee reviews/approvals
  2. What are the informatics roles/skills used in the Design/Dev/Config phase related to system development?: Subject Matter resource for developers Developer Usability tester Development manager
  3. What are the informatics roles/skills used in the Design/Dev/Config phase related to system implementation?: Participant on system configuration teams Process redesign analyst Change manager Project manager Training development Displaying patient data for clinical decisions Generating reports for quality Translating user requirements into solutions Customizing data elements using vendor tools Optimizing existing systems/applications Making recommendations for programming changes
  4. What are the FOUR information management principles which live within the Design/Dev/Config phase?: Clinical Decision Support Design Database Design Discrete Data Standard Terminologies
  5. What is CDS?: Clinical Decision Support. Designed to help the end user by providing them with person-specific information and knowledge, intelligently filtered at appropriate times, to enhance health/health care.
  6. Give examples of some CDS designs.: Computerized alerts Bedside recommendations based on evidence Condition-focused order sets Patient data reports/summaries Clinical documentation templates Advice for more accurate diagnoses Any other tool that enhances decision making!
  1. What is the biggest threat to effective decision support?: Poor design can lead to alert fatigue.
  2. What is a database?: A tool for information storage and retrieval.
  3. What are the two main types of database designs?: Hierarchical and Rela- tional
  4. What is a hierarchical database?: Utilizes a predefined data hierarchy where each child element has only ONE parent element.
  5. What is a relational database?: Utilizes "many to many" relationships between data elements which increases speed/versatility of the database.
  6. Which database design is the current standard and why?: Relational - current standard because it is much more flexible than the hierarchical design.
  7. What is a query?: A method of retrieving data from a database. Writing queries is a specific skill, based on the language required, like SQL.
  8. What is the graphical overview of the database called?: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD).
  9. What are the logical design elements of database design?: Planning process for the database Needs assessment Proposed model system Optimization of the database
  10. How are databases optimized for efficient use?: Normalization!! Make the dates look the same Use unique identifiers Develop queries, forms & reports
  11. Define normalization.: Normalization is a systematic way of organizing tables & fields.
  12. What is discrete data?: Information which can be categorized into a value or classification. Typically, discrete data fields can only accept certain values.
  13. Why is it important that data be captured discretely?: To support subsequent analysis and care improvement efforts.
  14. What is continuous data?: Data on a continuous scale which can be infinitely divided.
  15. What are examples of standard terminologies for healthcare?: CPT Codes ICD- DSM- 5 SNOMED clinical terms Nursing: NANDA, NIC, NOC, CCC, OMAHA
  16. What are standard terminologies used for?: Discrete data capture!

10 / 12 Unit Integration Functional Load/Volume

  1. What are the informatics roles/skills used in the testing phase of the systems development life cycle?: Developing/executing testing plans Validating data integration across disparate systems Assessing end user acceptance Assessing system performance/effectiveness Identifying/resolving issues.
  2. What is the 5th phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle?: IMPLE- MENTATION, Evaluation, Maintenance, & Support
  3. What is implementation?: The phase in which you bring a system into live use by end users who know how to use the system effectively.
  4. Why does the final stage of the Systems Development Life Cycle also have Evaluation, Maintenance, & Support in the name?: Once a system is implemented, it will require ONGOING evaluation, maintenance & support.
  5. What are the goals of the Implementation phase related to implementation itself?: Bring the new system into everyday usage Evaluate user acceptance Evaluate system performance
  6. What are the goals of the Implementation phase related to maintenance and support?: Apply system patches and upgrades Monitor security and performance Support end user needs Address end user problems
  7. What are the tools of the implementation phase?: Implementation Strategies Data Conversions
  8. List some implementation strategies.: Pilot deployment Phased Go Live Big Bang Parallel systems implementation
  9. Define data conversion.: Migrating data from legacy systems so that it is visible from within the new system.
  10. What is the pilot deployment implementation strategy?: A small Go Live is attempted as a way to test the system and adequacy of implementation, training, and support plans.
  11. What is the phased go live implementation strategy?: Multiple units or facilities go Live one by one on a timeline.

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  1. What is the big bang implementation strategy?: All units in a hospital, all clinics in a system, or multiple hospitals/clinics in an enterprise Go Live all at once.
  2. What is the parallel systems implementation strategy?: When the new sys- tem is run alongside the old system for a specified time frame.
  3. What are some disadvantages to parallel implementation strategy?: Cost. Need to operate both systems at once and this is an increased expense in both elec- tricity and operational costs as production will slow as workers double document.
  4. What are some advantages to parallel implementation strategy?: Compar- ison. Parallel running allows results to be compared to ensure the new system is working without errors and allows for training of staff in a live system to help gain confidence.
  5. What are some outputs of the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle?: Execution of the... Communication plan Training/documentation plan Command Center Data conversion and Go Live plan Downtime and recovery procedures
  6. What are some informatics roles/skills used during the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle?: Planning, directing, & leading resources Developing GoLive/Upgrade plans Logging/Managing system issues (ticketing) Assessing ongoing training needs Planning for contingency during down-time
  7. What are skills needed by the implementation manager?: Strong leader Excellent organizer Clinical expertise Ability to communicate & motivate
  8. How should implementation plans be approved?: Validated by another group of users AND approved by management. Don't allow one person to work alone without DEEP quality checks. Spread the responsibility.
  9. What are the five data conversion strategies?: Direct changeover Parallel conversion Gradual/phased conversion Modular prototype conversion Distributed conversion