Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Arterial Blood Gas Test: Understanding Acidosis and Alkalosis with the Tic-Tac-Toe Method, Exams of Cardiology

Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)Cardiology

A tutorial on the tic-tac-toe method for interpreting arterial blood gas test results, helping to identify the cause and condition of metabolic or respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, and determining compensation. Normal values and examples are included.

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Uploaded on 07/05/2022

barbara_gr
barbara_gr 🇦🇺

4.6

(73)

1K documents

1 / 2

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Science and Math Tutoring
Arterial Blood Gas Test: The Tic-Tac-Toe Method Tutorial
1) Determine whether the patient’s pH, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and HCO3- (bicarbonate) are
acidic, basic or normal and write them under the appropriate column. Remember that high
than normal values of pH are basic, higher than normal values of CO2 are acidic and higher than
normal values of HCO3- are basic.
2) Cause - Respiratory or Metabolic: When the pH is off in the same direction (acidic or basic) as
CO2 the cause is respiratory and when pH is off in the same direction as HCO3- it is metabolic.
These values line up under Acidic or Basic on the table and constitute the tic tac toe three in a
row shaded in gray.
3) Condition - Alkalosis or Acidosis: If the tic tac toe line up is under Acidic the condition is
Acidosis and if it lines up under Basic, the condition is Alkalosis.
4) Compensation: If the body responds to counter act the cause then the body is compensating.
For instance, if the kidneys produce higher than normal carbonate, which is basic, to counteract
a respiratory acidosis, the body is compensating. If the carbonate was in the normal range
however, the body is not responding to counteract the acidosis, and is not compensating.
5) Determination of cause from fully compensated acidosis or alkalosis is shown when the pH is
within the normal range but CO2 or HCO3- are both out of normal range. Whichever is out of
normal range the most is the cause.
Normal Values
Patient
Acidic
Normal
Basic
pH
7.35 – 7.45
7.50
pH
CO2
35 - 45
25
CO2
HCO3-
22 - 26
19
HCO3-
Partially Compensated: HCO3- (which is basic) is reduced to below normal and so is acidic, to
offset high CO2 (which is acidic)
Respiratory: since CO2 (indicating respiratory) and pH and show the same trend
Alkalosis: Both CO2 and pH are under Base
Normal Values
Patient
Acidic
Normal
Basic
pH
7.35 – 7.45
7.22
pH
CO2
35 - 45
50
CO2
HCO3-
22 - 26
19
HCO3-
Partially Compensated: Base is above normal to compensate for acidic high CO2
Respiratory: CO2 and pH have the same trend
Acidosis: CO2 is under Acidic
pf2

Partial preview of the text

Download Arterial Blood Gas Test: Understanding Acidosis and Alkalosis with the Tic-Tac-Toe Method and more Exams Cardiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Science and Math Tutoring

Arterial Blood Gas Test: The Tic-Tac-Toe Method Tutorial

  1. Determine whether the patient’s pH, CO 2 (carbon dioxide) and HCO 3 -^ (bicarbonate) are acidic, basic or normal and write them under the appropriate column. Remember that high than normal values of pH are basic, higher than normal values of CO 2 are acidic and higher than normal values of HCO 3 -^ are basic.
  2. Cause - Respiratory or Metabolic: When the pH is off in the same direction (acidic or basic) as CO 2 the cause is respiratory and when pH is off in the same direction as HCO 3 -^ it is metabolic. These values line up under Acidic or Basic on the table and constitute the tic tac toe three in a row shaded in gray.
  3. Condition - Alkalosis or Acidosis: If the tic tac toe line up is under Acidic the condition is Acidosis and if it lines up under Basic, the condition is Alkalosis.
  4. Compensation: If the body responds to counter act the cause then the body is compensating. For instance, if the kidneys produce higher than normal carbonate, which is basic, to counteract a respiratory acidosis, the body is compensating. If the carbonate was in the normal range however, the body is not responding to counteract the acidosis, and is not compensating.
  5. Determination of cause from fully compensated acidosis or alkalosis is shown when the pH is within the normal range but CO 2 or HCO 3 -^ are both out of normal range. Whichever is out of normal range the most is the cause. Normal Values Patient Acidic Normal Basic pH 7.35 – 7.45 7.50 pH CO 2 35 - 45 25 CO 2 HCO 3 -^22 - 26 19 HCO 3 - Partially Compensated: HCO 3 -^ (which is basic) is reduced to below normal and so is acidic, to offset high CO 2 (which is acidic) Respiratory: since CO 2 (indicating respiratory) and pH and show the same trend Alkalosis: Both CO 2 and pH are under Base Normal Values Patient Acidic Normal Basic pH 7.35 – 7.45 7. 22 pH CO 2 35 - 45 50 CO 2 HCO 3 -^22 - 26 19 HCO 3 - Partially Compensated: Base is above normal to compensate for acidic high CO 2 Respiratory: CO 2 and pH have the same trend Acidosis: CO 2 is under Acidic

Normal Values Patient Acidic Normal Basic pH 7.35 – 7.45 7. 47 pH CO 2 35 - 45 43 CO 2 HCO 3 -^22 - 26 32 HCO 3 - Uncompensated: CO 2 is still in normal amount so body is not trying to offset bicarbonate Metabolic: since HCO 3 -^ (indicating metabolic) and pH show the same trend Alkalosis: HCO 3 -^ is under Basic along with pH Normal Values Patient Acidic Normal Basic pH 7.35 – 7.45 7. 22 pH CO 2 35 - 45 31 CO 2 HCO 3 -^22 - 26 17 HCO 3 - Partially Compensated: CO 2 is below normal to compensate for acidic low HCO 3 - Metabolic: HCO 3 -^ and pH have the same trend Acidosis: HCO 3 -^ is under Acidic due to low bicarbonate Normal Values Patient Acid Normal Basic pH 7.35 – 7.45 7. 42 HCO 3 -^ pH CO 2 CO 2 35 - 45 27 HCO 3 -^22 - 26 19 Fully Compensated: pH is normal while HCO 3 -^ is compensating for low CO Respiratory: CO 2 deviates more (7) than HCO 3 -^ (4) Alkalosis: CO 2 is under Base