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The 55 delegates to the constitutional convention argued about, compromised over, and finally agreed upon a written Constitution for the United States during a sweltering summer in 1787 During the ratification debates, supporters of the document drafted at the convention called themselves "Federalists" and called opponents of the new governmental structure created by the document "Anti-Federalists". Some of the most ardent Anti-Federalists, such as George Mason were delegates at the convention. Indeed, 16 of the 55 delegates to the Convention refused to sign the document. The Anti-Federalists opposition to the new constitution was based primarily on lack of a bill of rights During arguments over ratification, many prominent patriots were staunchly against ratification, including Patrick Henry, George Mason and future president James Monroe. Those in favor of ratification were equally passionate. The articles written by those advocating ratification of the Constitution were later published as a collection entitled: The Federalist Papers Mark ALL the statements below that represent MAJOR debates at the constitutional convention. If none, leave blank:
- How much power should be given to the new government?
- How should large and small states be represented? According to the "state's rights" interpretation of federalism:
Because the Constitution is a compact among the states, the national government's powers should be constued narrowly and should not be expanded by interpretation. By wording the first amendment to read "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press..." the Constitution specifically prohibits CONGRESS from making such laws. What keeps states from making such laws? The 14th amendment Which of the following best describes the apportionment of power between the state and national governments in the United States? All powers not specifically assigned to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people. Although education is not mentioned explicitly, the tenth amendment grants authority over education to The States Which of the following is most directly implied by the preamble of the Constitution? The authority to establish the Constitution flows from the people For a negotiated treaty to become law, it must be ratified by 2/3 vote of the senate Democracy exists along a spectrum, and political systems, even democratic ones, can tend toward "more democracy" or "less democracy." To illustrate this, while U.S. senators are currently chosen directly by the people of each state, between 1787 and 1913 U.S. senators were chosen, not by the people directly, but by State legislatures A writ of habeus corpus is important because it requires that a detainee be informed by a court of the charges against him or her
In response to the Supreme Court's striking down many of Franklin Roosevelt's new deal initiatives to help the country out of the great depression, FDR devised a plan which critics called a plan to "pack the court", which involved adding one supreme court justice to the bench for every one over 70 years old in 1937, for a total of 15. According to the Constitution, the president: does not have the power to increase the number of justices During the last decade, many Supreme Court decisions have been nearly evenly split. How many justices serve on the Federal Supreme Court? 9 The vast majority of the Supreme Court's workload involves: appellate jurisdiction The next two questions are about the two step process by which Supreme Court Justices and other federal judges are selected. What is the first step? Nomination by the President Step 2: Confirmation by the Senate The principle of judicial review means that: The judicial branch may review actions of the legislature and the executive branch A referendum in Puerto Rico is passed in favor of statehood. According to the Constitution, what needs to happen for Puerto Rico to become a state: Must be approved by Congress According to the Constitution, which citizen, group of citizens, elected leader, or government official stands above and is exempt from, the provisions of the Constitution? None of the above The Bill of Rights explicitly prohibits:
Establishing an official religion for the United States In a courtroom, when an accused man invokes the Fifth Amendment , he refuses to testify against himself The right of eminent domain allows the government to buy private property for public use Grand jury: is 12 to 23 people that decide if evidence warrants a trial In the 19th century, congressional attempts to legislate an income tax were repeatedly struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional. In the 20th century the income tax was created by: Amendment to the Constitution The Equal Rights Amendment was approved by Congress in 1972. Why was it not added to the Constitution? Not ratified by the states Which of the following is true about women and voting in the U.S.? The Constitution left voting eligibility up to the states. Before 1920 any state could let women vote and many did. The 19th amendment merely made voting a national right that no state thereafter could abridge or deny. Only one amendment to the Constitution was later repealed. This amendment concerned Alcoholic beverages The 26th amendment to the Constitution (1971) lowered the voting age to: 18 When a vacancy occurs in the Senate (e.g. from death or disability), the ______________________ appoints someone to fill the office until the next general election.
Where in the Constitution is the idea found that the new government is to form a more perfect union? The Preamble Before Sandra Day O'Connor was chosen as a Supreme court justice, what constitutional restrictions prevented women from being appointed to the high court? There were no constitutional restrictions The Supreme Court established the legal doctrine of "separate but equal" in the case of: Plessy v. Ferguson. When the Constitution was ratified in 1788, the right to vote was extended to whom? Determination of who could vote in national elections was left up to the states Germany's federal system provides specific grants of power to the bundeslaender (states) while non-specified powers and functions are reserved to the national or federal government. The American federal system apportions power: in the opposite way. Specific grants of power are assigned to the federal government. Non-specified powers are reserved to the states. The framers were ambivalent about democracy and set up a number of roadblocks to popular sovereignty. One such technique the framers hoped would prevent takeovers of Congress by transitory and unstable popular majorities was: Constitutional mandate of six year terms for Senators, so only 1/3 of senators would be up for election each two year election cycle Which of the following are cabinet level departments in the executive branch? Treasury Labor Interior Identify the major problems with the Articles of Confederation.
National government too weak No national judiciary Ineffective mechanisms for tax collection
