Chapter 12 Section C The Vascular System
Revised 17 October 2007
What type of cell lines blood vessels of all types and lines the lumen of the heart chambers?
How do arteries act as pressure reservoirs?
What is the mathematical definition of compliance? Are arteries considered highly compliant? How do
smooth muscles affect compliance of arteries?
What are the normal values for systolic and diastolic pressure and pulse pressure?
Why doesn't arterial pressure fall to zero between heart beats?
What would mean arterial pressure be if systolic pressure is 130 and diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg?
How does blood pressure typically change with advancing age? Why so?
What are Korotkoff’s sounds? Are these sound heart murmurs?
What are the two major functions of arterioles?
How do arteriolar smooth muscles mediate vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
What percentage of blood flow goes to the heart, kidney, and brain at rest? (see p. 449)
What intrinsic tone?
How does local control of blood flow differ from extrinsic control?
What is the difference between hyperemia, active hyperemia, and reactive hyperemia?
What are some of the local chemical factors that lead to arteriolar dilation? What effect do these factors
have on arteriolar smooth muscle?
In which tissues is local control of blood flow predominant? How is local control good for matching
blood flow to metabolic rate of the tissue?
What is it called when blood flow is kept relatively constant in spite of changes in blood pressure? How
are local metabolic factors involved in this phenomenon?
Since the same factors are at work in flow autoregulation and active hyperemia, how do they initially
differ?
What is the myogenic response and what ion in involved?
What is reactive hyperemia?
What effect does norepinephrine have on vascular smooth muscle? Which receptor type is involved?
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