Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): A Comprehensive Guide for Researchers and Clinicians - P, Summaries of Psychology

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Thematic Apperception

TesT

• is a projective test consisting of a series of pictures in which the examinee is requested to create a story about the picture.
• method of revealing to the trained interpreter some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, complexes and conflicts of personality.
• (^) Apperception – refer to the process of projecting fantasy imaginary onto an objective stimuli.

• (^) A turning point in his life occurred at the age of 30, when he met and fell in love with Christina Morgan, though married for 7 year.
• (^) Carl Jung advice him not to stop the relationship with Morgan and keep both relationships. (1925)  (^) Christina Morgan
  • (^) Born in Boston on October 6, 1987
  • (^) Had a lot of health problems.
  • (^) Drowned herself on March 14, 1967 at the Virgin Islands

• (^) Morgan – Murray Thematic apperception Test - the original name of the TAT but later on Murray is given primary credit for the test, along with the staff of Harvard Psychological Clinic.
• 1938 the year that Tat was established in Harvard Psychological Clinic
• (^) Explorations in Personality in which the description of TAT was included.

• (^) 1960 – Mrs. Uma Coudhary developed Indian Adoption of TAT
• (^) Human Potential Movement
  • encouraged psychologists to use TAT to help their clients understand themselves better and stimulate personal growth.

General

Conditions:

• to be administered in an interpersonal setting.
• TAT materials consists of 20 cards on which ambiguous pictures are presented.
• ” M ” for males, “ F ” for females
• ” B ” for boys, “ G ” for girls
• ” BM ” for boys/males, “ GF ” for girls/females.

• Research purposes : Keiser and Prather (1990) specified Murray’s frequent cards.
• 10 most frequent cards : 1, 2, 3BM, 3GF, 4, 5, 6BM, 6GF, 8BM and 8GF.
• During administration, the subject should be seated beside the examiner with his or her chair turned away.

Instructio

ns:

• The examiner will show some pictures one at a time , and the subject will be making up as dramatic a story as he/she can for each picture card. 50 minutes for 10 pictures. The following story structure must be obtained:

Procedur

• TIME^ es:

time measured should begin when the picture is first presented and end when the subject begins his or her story.

• (^) RECORDING a subject’s complete responses should be recorded, along with any noteworthy behavioral observations: exclamation, stuttering, pauses, blushing, degree of involvement , and change in voice inflection.

• (^) QUESTIONING and INQUIRY to produce an unhampered and free-flow of the subject’s fantasy material.
• (^) ORDER OF PRESENTATION usually, the cards should be administered according to their sequential numbering system.

a)in order of usefulness : 7GF, 18GF, 3GF, and 8GF. b)least helpful cards are 19, 18BM, 11 and 12BG (Bellak and Abrams, 1997)

• CAT usually used to 3- yrs old (Bellak 1949)
• (^1965) – CAT-H for 11-15 yrs old

Scorin

The Psychological^ g: Corporation

For each of the scoring categories, practitioners should abbreviate their observations about the person. In some sections, practitioners are asked to indicate the levels of importance or strength for the per by putting one check (mere presence of characteristics), two checks (moderate) or three checks (strong). The entire scoring and interpretation procedure typically takes a half- hour.

• (^) H.A Murray, 1943 scoring the TAT involves evaluating the following five different aspects of the stories:  The Hero. Scoring for the hero involves identifying who is central character(s) in the story  Need of the Hero. For Murray, it was also critical to identify the needs, motives and desire of the hero.  Identifying the presses. A press refer to any important environmental factor that may influence or interfere with the need of the hero. Example: (parents or boss), (the lock on the door is broken)