Theory & Hypothesis, Schemes and Mind Maps of Literature

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Theory & Hypothesis

EDHE

Dr. Pu-Shih Daniel Chen

Overview

• Review our progress
• Theory and hypothesis
• Research questions and definition of terms
• In-class practice
• Research paper requirements

NIH Ethical Principles

• Respect for persons
  • Autonomous agents
  • Informed consent
  • Diminished autonomy
• Beneficence
  • Risks and Benefits
  • Privacy and confidentiality
• Justice
  • Benefits and burdens for individuals and groups

Characters of good research

questions?

Clear

Significant

Ethical

Feasible

Relationship

Dissertation

• Chapter One: Introduction
• Chapter Two: Literature Review
• Chapter Three: Methodology
• Chapter Four: Results
• Chapter Five: Discussion and Implications

Dissertation Proposal

• Chapter One: Introduction
• Chapter Two: Literature Review
• Chapter Three: Methodology
• Chapter Four: Results
• Chapter Five: Discussion and Implications

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Name your topic:
   • I am trying to learn about (working on, studying) ___________________
2. Add a question:
   • I am studying X because I want to find out who/what/when/where/whether/why/how

     ---

3. Motivate your readers:
   • I am studying X because Y in order to

     ---

Concept

• Abstraction from observed events
• General heading to simplify events
• Distillation of common characteristics
• Directly OBSERVABLE

Variables

• Defined as a factor – things that varies
• Characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals
• Types of variables
  • Categorical
  • Dichotomous
  • Continuous

Dependent Variable

• Object of study
• Depends on/varies with independent variable
• Observed for changes to assess the effect of the treatment
• What is being MEASURED
• Abbreviated as DV
• Usually the last variable cited in the research question

Limitations vs. Delimitations

• Limitations
  • Factors that potentially reduce a study’s validity and initial scope and that is out of the researcher’s control
• Delimitations
  • Factors and issues not of concern to the research or limitations imposed by the researcher

Assumptions

• Assumptions
  • Postulates, premises, and propositions that are accepted and assumed to be true for the purpose of the research.

Draft Your Research Questions

• I am studying [X] because [Y] in order to [Z]
• My research questions are:
  • What is the effect of [IV] on [DV] among [population]?
  • Is there a significant difference between [IV] and/versus [IV] on [DV] among [population]?
• My hypotheses are:
• Definition of Terms:
  • For the purpose of this study, [IV, DV] is defined as

Next Step

General research questions (^) Specific research questions

Definition of terms

Research Collecting data hypotheses

Analyzing data