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Running Head: Phonological Analysis

Phonological Analysis [Writer’s Name] [Institutions’ Name]

Introduction

The phonology that is used for the study and the sound function used for the essay, mainly the phonological analysis used for analysing the language of the sound system. With variant approach found for the phonological study has been deployed with better development. As the matter of fact, the linguistic agrees upon the analysis required for its representation along with multiple speech sounds. The set of phonetic symbols used in a similar way. To distinguish the change of standard spelling and the square brackets have been used for its phonetic transcription as the symbol mainly represent the speech and its sound. The spelling used of the orthographic representation and the words used which are found irrelevant to phonology. Mainly we view the example for the calf and laugh having the ending sound as F as even though its last part used for making it spell entirely different. Similarly, the example used for the one and one that is pronounced differently and according to one’s country language. Native language pronunciation that is different for the NS system of English and thought with better and different sound. The pronunciation of d in dia “day” which is pronounced as the utterance and followed by a vowel based pronunciation used for the contrast of English and Spanish as the function is called a phoneme. As these are some factors that would be followed by the phonetic symbol used above and shall be further elaborated.

Ways to Find the Phonemes and Allophones of Language

The phonological concepts used for the description of such concepts and the governed rules of pronunciation of different languages used. This allows the finding of various phonemes as distinguished for the allophones and phonemes. Initially, we use view of minimised pairing and two words with better meaning and the identical phonetics used for the exceptional sound and its order used. The example of English Cap and Cab that is used as both indicates the sound of P and B used separately for the phonemes due to the interchanging concept used for P and B that has the similar meaning for the word (Altenberg, and Vago, 1983).

Secondly, we evaluate the sounding and its instances used for the variant contrast of two or more sound. The variation that occurs in many languages. The English speaker makes the communication used by the word and “ Sit” choose for not to emphasize on the final word T and simply make it says as T. The force saying for the dog to say “sit” as to release the focus on t

Another way of making the conceptualisation and the relationship used for phonemes and allophones with the terminology of different rules found for the phonologic procedure. The economical use of stating the complementary distribution and the variation used for the stated allophonic distributive terminology as it “occurs” with the replacing arrow used for the sign as this shows that it has become something that is realised as (Major, 1986). The case of pinch which is described with the n sound, mainly the ch sound and the j sound. The process used for the phonologic rule that is applied which is:

“/n/> ( 1 DA E) before (t 0 28 3) and (d3)”

The use of the notation in shorthand that is used for the rule with it is further abbreviated with:

“/n/ > ( 1 DA E) / (t 0 28 3d3)”

We take the example of English having the Nasal sound as occurs in the coda position as the vowel gets nasalised for the loom of own and king: (lum) (on) (kin). The nasal sound used for the “ no” not and “no”. The contrast used for the see no and the scene. The English rule that is applied is:

“Vowel > (+nas)/____ C {[codal] [+nas]}”

Distinct Feature

The different terminology used for the terms and the featuring function and the contrast based on a feature for the language. The vocal of chords and the vibrant and the sound used that does not sound like a voiceless sound. This makes the difference between the S sound that is a place for the hand as the Adam’s Apple (larynx or mainly a voice box) as then does the same sound of the z. As the person can feel the vibration of the sound z as it is not voiceless. The English pair used for the cap/cab hid/hit, eyes/ice have the similar contrast to the last sound. The voiceless sound used for the (b z d) uses the similar voiced sound (Nemser, 1971). In English the feature of voices used for the distinct factor which creates the sound of hiss/hit as the distinct feature used for the continuant. The air flow used for the pronunciation of (s) has the continuous pronunciation used for the sound hiss and stopping the make of t used for a hit.

Higher Elements: Prosody

The used of Prosody used for the suprasegmentals elements that are included for a higher segment of intonation, tone and mainly the timings and its rhythm. The speech based on the aspect with the vowels used for the syllables as stretched across and the word of high units.

Phonological Analysis

The stress used for the contrast with different languages having different meaning and the change of stress used for the changing means. The example of defer and differ contrast and the stress placement used. The differ use of stress which falls in the syllable and the defer used for its occurring with different languages that speak for the contrast based on stressful hearing and the non-contrast of mostly the native French (Wilson, 2006).

The intonated change used for pitching the sound and the utterance of phrase used for the signal difference and the meaning. The English raising the intonation for the utterance and the indication used for the question as no or yes. The example of “you like tea and do you like tea” that makes the intonation used for typical representation used with a changed pitch and the pattern used manifesting better the changes of syllables and the non-changed meaning. The basic pattern used and declaring the statement with “I like tea”. The language used for the basic pattern holding with slight changes made for the pitch as the intonation signal for the question is regarded as an arising pitch for the syllable coffee.

The difference found in the language is the pitch of tone and language used mainly by Chinese in their dialects, Thai, Vietnamese and mainly the African language is used. The Mandarin Chinese having syllable of ma having the different meaning that is:

(ma) high falling “scold” (ma) high falling rise “horse” (ma) high rise “hemp” (ma) high level “mother”

While the people of Norway have the distinguished tune of syllables

(Bønıû) sept down tone “beans”

Conclusion

As we have seen the approach of phonological analysis used for the rule of describing better the language and its syntax, phonology and the morphing that is used for thousands of years by different cultures. As the rules are placed universally for the constraint as it allows the language to be made universal as the rule made for deleting the consonants as stated for the constraint. The final consonants allowed for the language. With the approach made regardless of the phonologist and the agreement of the goal and analysis used for the description of the sound pattern found for the language and its universal discovery.

References

Altenberg, E.P. and Vago, R.M., 1983. Theoretical implications of an error analysis of second language phonology production. Language learning , 33 (4), pp.427-447.

Khalil, S., 2014. Comparative Study of the Acoustic Vowel Space of Egyptian English Vowels and General American English Vowels. Linguistic Portfolios , 3 (1), p.8.

Major, R.C., 1981. Stress-timing in Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of phonetics , 9 (3), pp.343-351.

Major, R.C., 1986. The ontogeny model: Evidence from L2 acquisition of Spanish r. Language Learning , 36 (4), pp.453-504.

Major, R.C., 2001. Foreign accent: The ontogeny and phylogeny of second language phonology. Routledge.

Major, R.C., 2013. Phonological Analysis. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics.

Nemser, W., 1971. An experimental study of phonological interference in the English of Hungarians.

Ortiz, E.A., Syntactic Characteristics of Modern English (INGL 3205) 1st Semester 2010-2011.

Prince, A. and Smolensky, P., 1997. Optimality: From neural networks to universal grammar. Science , 275 (5306), pp.1604-1610.

Sapir, E., 1949. The psychological reality of phonemes. Selected writings of Edward Sapir, ed. by David Mandelbaum, 46-60. Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Sapir, E., 1949. The psychological reality of phonemes. Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture, and personality , pp.46-60.

Wilson, C., 2006. Learning phonology with substantive bias: An experimental and computational study of velar palatalization. Cognitive science , 30 (5), pp.945-982.