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This algebra-based course covers basic concepts of physics including practical examples of the role of physics in other disciplines. The course is designed to develop physical intuition and problem-solving skills. Main keywords in this lecture are: Thin Lenses, Lens Equation, Diverging Lenses, Converging Lens, Focal Length, Focal Point, Lens Power, Dispersion, Glass Prism, Rainbows
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Thin Lenses
In general for both converging and diverging lenses:
do – object distance; di – image distance; ho – object height; hi – image height
Lens Equation: f
d
d
o i
Lateral magnification: o
i o
i d
d h
h m
Converging lens: Focal length is positive (f>0)
(i) Object placed beyond focal point on one side (left) of lens: image is real (di >0) and inverted (m<0) and appears on opposite side (right)
(ii) Object at focal point (left) will yield parallel light ( di ) on opposite side of lens (right)
(iii) Object within focal point: image will be virtual (di<0) and upright (m>0) on same side of lens as object. Image is also larger than object.
Dispersion
Visible spectrum consists of rainbow of colors (violet to red) Dispersion: index of refraction in material media is slightly dependent on wavelength (colors) of light
Glass prism: uses dispersion to separate white light into its color components
Blue light is bent more towards the normal than red light when entering prism and bent further away when existing prism
Rainbows: combining dispersion (double refraction) with total internal reflection to give rainbow appearance on humid days
