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Thoracic wall, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Anatomy

Anatomy

The thoracic cage: ▫ Protects the lungs, heart and large vessels. ▫ Provides attachment to the muscles of thorax, upper limb, abdomen & back.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Thoracic wall
Region of the body between the neck and abdomen
Flattened in front and behind, but rounded on the
sides
The bony framework of the walls is called the
thoracic cage, which is formed of:
Vertebral column
Ribs & intercostal spaces
Sternum and costal cartilages
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Thoracic wall

 Region of the body between the neck and abdomen  Flattened in front and behind, but rounded on the sides  The bony framework of the walls is called the thoracic cage, which is formed of:  Vertebral column  Ribs & intercostal spaces  Sternum and costal cartilages

Suprapleural Membrane

 Tent shaped dense fascial sheet

that covers the apex of each

lung.

 An extension of the

endothoracic fascia

 Extends approximately an inch

superior to the superior

thoracic aperture

 It is attached:

  • The thoracic cage:  Protects the lungs, heart and large vessels  Provides attachment to the muscles of thorax, upper limb, abdomen & back
  • The cavity of thorax is divided into: - A median partition, the

mediastinum

  • Laterally placed pleurae

& lungs

The Intercostal Space

Intercostal Space

It is the space between two ribs

Since there are 12 ribs on each side, there are

11 intercostal spaces.

Each space contains:

 Intercostal muscles

 Intercostal neurovascular bundle

 Lymphatics

External Intercostal Muscle

 Most superficial  Fibers directed downward & forward  Origin: from lower border of the rib above  Insertion: upper border of rib below  Extends from the rib tubercle behind to the costo-chondral junction in front  Deficient anteriorly & replaced by external (anterior) Costo-chondral junction

Innermost Intercostal Muscle

Deepest layerIncomplete layer, divided into three portionsFibers cross more than one intercostal spaceRelated externally to intercostal nerve and vessels, and internally to endothoracic fascia

Intercostal Neurovascular Bundle

 Lies between the innermost and the internal intercostal muscles  Runs high in the intercostal space, related to subcostal groove of the rib above  Has a strict order in arrangement: Vein-Artery- Nerve (VAN), from top to bottom  As the innermost intercostal muscle is not forming a complete layer, the bundle is generally covered on the inside by the endothoracic fascia

Intercostal Nerves

 Twelve pairs  Are the anterior primary rami of the thoracic spinal nerves.  3 - 6 distributed in the intercostal spaces, 7 - 11 th supply the anterior abdominal wall  Anterior ramus of 12 th nerve runs forward in the abdomen as the subcostal nerve

Atypical Intercostal Nerves

  • First thoracic nerve:
    • Has no anterior cutaneous branch
    • Is joined to the brachial plexus by a large branch that corresponds to the lateral cutaneous branch
  • Second thoracic nerve :
    • Is joined to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm by brachial plexus by a branch called the intercostobrachial nerve that corresponds to the lateral cutaneous branch