Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some
bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose,
which is used for growth and energy. This process primarily occurs in the
chloroplasts of plant cells and involves two main stages: the light-
dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. In the light-dependent
reactions, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, exciting electrons and splitting
water molecules into oxygen, which is released as a byproduct. The energy
produced is stored in ATP and NADPH molecules. In the Calvin cycle, carbon
dioxide is fixed and combined with ATP and NADPH to form glucose.
Photosynthesis is crucial not only for plants but also for life on Earth, as it
produces oxygen and is the foundation of the food chain.
