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TNCC 9th Edition Final Exam Test 2025 Open Book Questions and 100% Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing
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Consider a pelvic binder for pelvic fractures consider a tourniquet cannulate two veins with large caliber IV - if unable to gain assess consider IO a. obtain labs, type and cross b. infuse warm isotonic fluids c. consider balanced resuscitation d. use rapid infusion device - correct answer//C Interventions: Disability - Neurologic Status
Injuries sustained S s/s in the field T treatment in the field if patients family present get a better hx on them - correct answer//H Sample is part of history S symptoms associated with injury A allergies and tetanus status M meds currently on including anticoagulant therapy P past medical hx L last oral intake E Events and environment factors related to the injury - correct answer//SAMPLE inspect for lacs, abrasions, asymmetry of facial expressions palate for depressions and tenderness look at ears for drainage - correct answer//Head to toe assessment: Head and face immobilize cervical spine, tenderness, tracheal deviation - correct answer//Head to toe assessment: Neck and cervical spine inspect, auscultate, palpate any spontaneous breathing, rate, depth, and degree of effort, use of accessory muscles lacs, contusions, auscilate lung sounds and heart sounds - correct answer//Head to toe assessment: Chest don't forget flanks!!! inspect of lacs, puncture wounds, contusions, auscultate then palpate: bowel sounds? any rigidity, guarding? begin with light palpation start to palpate with side that does not hurt maybe do a fast scan? - correct answer//Head to toe assessment: Abdomen any lacs? deformities? blood at the urth eral meatus
from hemorrhage is leading cause. Hypovolemia is caused by decrease in the amount of circulating volume. Goal is to replace volume. - correct answer//Hypovolemic Shock results from hypo perfusion to the tissue due to an obstruction in either vasculature or heart. Goal is to relieve obstruction and improve perfusion. Ex: tension pneumo or cardiac tamponade are two classic examples that may result from trauma. - correct answer//Obstructive Shock Results from pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. There is a lack of cardiac output and end organ perfusion secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and/or valvular insufficiency. Ex: MI's or dysrhythmia are common causes - correct answer//Cariogenic Shock occurs as a result of maldistribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of vascular tone or increased permeability. Ex: Anaphylactic - release of antihistamines Septic Shock - systemic release of bacterial endotoxins, resulting in increased vascular permeability and vasodilation. Neurogenic shock - spinal cord injury results of loss in sympathetic nervous system control of vascular tone. Goal: Volume replacement and vasoconstriction - correct answer//Distributive Shock A breath every 5 to 6 seconds: 10-12 ventilations per minute - correct answer//Bag mask ventilation Stroke Volume X HR - correct answer//Cardiac Output = .. activation: .... are found in the carotid sinus and along the aortic arch, are sensitive to the degree of stretch in the arterial wall. When the receptors sense a decrease in stretch, they stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to release Epi, norepi, causing stimulation of cardiac activity and constriction of blood vessels, which causes a rise in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure - correct answer//Baroreceptors: activation: consist of carotid and aortic bodies. ... detect changes in blood oxygen and Co2 and pH. When Co2 rises or oxygen level of pH falls th ese receptors are activated and information is relayed to the CNS and the cardiorespiratory centers in the medulla , which increases respiratory rage and depth and BP - correct answer//Chemoreceptors: 50 to 150 - correct answer//MAP Range the decrease coagulopathy .. you will you bleed more - correct answer//The colder you are the more acidic you are..
in massive transfusion protocol... responsible for dissolving clots - correct answer//TXA stabilized vital signs, improved mental status, improved urine output - correct answer//What are indicators of increased perfusion?