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Thermodynamic experiment how to measure pressure using manometer.
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Task No. Activity Name Activity Time 1 Pre-Lab Activity (signed by the instructor) 5 ~ 10 mins 2 Lecture + Optional quiz 20 ~ 30 mins 3 Performing Experiment 100 ~120 mins 4 Results & Evaluation (signed by the instructor) 10 ~ 20 mins Total Time: 180
The FME-07 is a laboratory scale unit designed to measure the pressure drops generated in a pipe for different flow rates and both laminar and turbulent conditions. The unit requires a Hydraulics Bench (FME00) to contain and supply with a pump the water to the FME-07 unit. The FME00 unit have a supply control valve to supply a higher or smaller volume of fluid to the unit. Pressurized water flows through the tubes of the differential manometer. Water is pressurized with an air hand pump. The process consists in making water flow through a pipe connected to manometers to measure the pressure difference between two points and, thus, find the pressure drop generated and the pressure drop factor at different flow rates. The unit can work not only with different flow rates, depending on the supply valve opening, but also under laminar or turbulent conditions. Laminar conditions are obtained by the free fall of the fluid from the tank. Turbulent conditions are obtained by making the fluid flow through a circuit of pipes. Take into account that there are two types of manometers, since the pressure drop is greater or smaller depending on the flow conditions. Measurements are taken from the differential manometers for low pressures and from the Bourdon manometers for high pressures.
9 VT1: three-ways valve To cut the flow in closed position, make it flow along the test pipe from the tank in laminar or turbulent position 10 V1: valve To direct the fluid to the tank Manometers: The manometer is a wet meter which means that the fluid whose pressure is being measured is brought in contact with another fluid, for example mercury, which is displaced to indicate the pressure. Mercury can be used because it has a high density and so the manometer size is minimized. From the conversion table above 1 bar corresponds to 0.75m of Hg whereas from the example above, a column of water 10m is high is equal to 1 bar. Compared to water, a much smaller column of mercury is needed to measure pressure. The common types of manometer are the U-tube , the Well and the Inclined Manometer. U-Tube Manometers: This manometer is very easily constructed. It consists of a tube of glass bent into a U shape. It is then filled with a fluid. The density of the fluid dictates the range of pressures that can be measured. Both ends of the tube are pressure ports. If one port is left open to the atmosphere and the other port is connected to the pressure to be measured, the device acts as a gauge pressure meter. If both ports are connected to two different unknown pressures, the instrument acts as a differential pressure gauge. Figure 3-2: U-Tube manometer ΔP = F/A ΔP = mg/A ΔP = ρVg/A
ΔP = ρgΔh ΔP= Differential pressure (Pa) ρ= Density of indicating fluid (Kg/m^3 ) g= Acceleration of gravity (m/s^2 ) Δh= Difference in Column heights (m)
Sr.# Time (s) Flow Rate (m^3 /sec) h 1 (m) h 2 (m) h 2 - h 1 (m) ∆P (kPa) 1 30 0.002 0.29 0.31 0.02 195. 2 30 0.00 4 0.26 0.33 0.07 683. 3 30 0.007 0.23 0.36 0.13 1270. 4 30 0.0111 0.18 0.4 0.22 2149.
Performance Criteria Exemplary (9-10) Satisfactory (7-8) Developing (4-6) Unsatisfactory (1-2) Marks Procedure Steps of experiment are clear, sequential, and in Complete sentences. Picture of steps are included. Conclusion is complete and written in complete sentence. Steps of experiment are present but lacking Completeness. Conclusion is complete and written in incomplete sentence Steps of experiment are incomplete and procedure is lacking. Conclusion is incomplete Procedure is missing. Conclusion is missing. Performance Criteria Exemplary (5) Satisfactory (3-4) Developing (1-2) Unsatisfactory (0) Marks Understanding the concept (^) Understands everything of the topic Understand majority of the portion. Understand few things. Didn’t able to understand the concept. Lab Instructor:
A) Explain different types of manometers and their working. Different types of manometers are.
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 FLOW RATE (m 3 /sec) MEASURED PRESSURE (pa)
