TOLD Visual Representation, Study notes of Design

Study guide for POLIMI TOLD visual representation

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Uploaded on 01/27/2026

carlos-castillo-mmd
carlos-castillo-mmd 🇳🇱

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(Modern
Axometric
Diagram)
What
it
is
:
·
3D
projection
·
Parallel
axes
·
Often
exploded
·
Color-coded
Purpose
·
Explain
systems
Not
CUT
,
Not
expressive
,
Not
realistic
·
Show
relationships
3
·
Be
fast + readable
Watch
out
for
"Despite
the
apparent
three-dimensionality
Means
:
Looks
3D
,
is
actually
orthographic
pf3
pf4

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(Modern

Axometric

Diagram)

What it is :

· 3D

projection

· Parallel axes

· Often

exploded

·

Color-coded

Purpose

·

Explain systems

Not

CUT

Not

expressive

,

Not realistic

· Show

relationships

3

· Be fast + readable

Watch out for

"Despite

the

apparent

three-dimensionality

Means : Looks 3D

,

is

actually orthographic

Projection systems (HOW)

  • Orthographic
  • Axonometric
  • Perspective

🔹 Views / drawing types (WHAT)

  • Plan
  • Section
  • Elevation
  • Detail

🔹 Representation modes

  • Diagram
  • Exploded view

🔹 Graphic techniques

  • Chiaroscuro
  • Rendering / Line drawing

🔹 Drawing method / intent

  • Sketch

Visual

Projections

s

A

Drawing

Perspectiv

&

Orthografic

Projection

:

2D flat (does not

imply

cut)

↓ axonometric view

: 3D parallel

lines

,

geometric

depth ,

no

vanishing

point

perspective

view

: 3D ,

lines have a

vanishing point

&

detail : magnified drawing

of a

specific part

of a :

plan

: orthographic

horizontal

section

D elevation :

Orthographic

view

only

exterior-vertica

section

:

orthographic

vertical or horizontal but

revealing

interior

spaces

chiaroscuro

style

:

shading

on an

orthographic

view

to create

depth

& exploded

view

: a

type

of

axonometric

representation ,

elements are

separated

Render

drawing

: photolike,

texture ,

shading

materials

* line

drawing

: no

shading

, only

contours

&

Diagram

: concepts

,flow,

system

,not

realistic

,

colors ,

symbol

e

a

strottes

Industrialization

Designer

a

Engineer

Production Sectors in development

:

Textile

Metallic

Manufacturer

Textile

:

John

Kay

"Flying

Shuttle=

Machine 1884

James Hargreaves

"Spinning Jenny

: 1764

Richard

Arkwright

"Spinning

Frame"

: 1767

"Water Frame

: