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PTOE Exam
When more than one countermeasures are being considered for implementation at a problem location (e.g., both adding a left turn lane and signalizing an intersection), the Crash Modification Factors for the individual countermeasures: a. Are added together b. Are multiplied together c. Cannot be combined d. Only the Crash Modification Factor that has the greatest impact is used - correct answer ✔✔b. Are multiplied together If an incident blocks one of three freeway lanes, the likely capacity reduction due to the incident is: a. 33% b. 51% c. 75% d. 90% - correct answer ✔✔b. 51% What are the colors most commonly used for regulatory signs? a. White, black, and red b. White, black, and yellow c. Red, white, and green d. Black, yellow, and red - correct answer ✔✔a. White, black, and red For a spot speed study, a sample size of how many vehicles is generally considered reliable under most circumstances? a. 50 vehicles per lane b. 100 vehicles per lane c. 200 vehicles per lane d. 500 vehicles per lane - correct answer ✔✔b. 100 vehicles per lane
In a temporary traffic control zone, the length of a taper to close a single lane on a freeway with a prevailing speed of 70 mph and 12-foot lane widths is: a. 550 feet b. 680 feet c. 840 feet d. 980 feet - correct answer ✔✔c. 840 feet Although crash involvement rates (crashes per 100,000 population) are highest for the five- to fifteen- year-old pedestrians, pedestrian fatality rates are highest for what age group? a. 1 to 5 years old b. 12 to 16 years old c. 18 to 25 years old d. 70 years old and above - correct answer ✔✔d. 70 years old and above The most effective means of prohibiting left turn access into driveways is: a. Pork-chop islands in driveway entrance b. No Left Turn signs c. One-way driveway signs d. Non-traversable medians - correct answer ✔✔d. Non-traversable medians The U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices indicates that the traffic signal WALKING PERSON indication should be displayed for a minimum of: a. 5 seconds b. 7 seconds c. 10 seconds d. 15 seconds - correct answer ✔✔b. 7 seconds The most commonly used form of traffic calming is: a. Chicanes
For a lane group with two lanes on an approach to a signalized intersection, if the adjusted saturation flow rate is 1,700 vehicles/hour/lane and the effective time is 30 seconds out of a cycle length of 80 seconds, what is the capacity of the lane group? a. 637 vehicles/hour b. 1,275 vehicles/hour c. 1,480 vehicles/hour d. 1,700 vehicles/hour - correct answer ✔✔b. 1,275 vehicles/hour The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices states that when a speed limit within a speed zone is posted, it should be within 5 mph of what? a. The average speed of all traffic b. The 15th percentile speed of free-flowing traffic c. The 85th percentile speed of free-flowing traffic d. The design speed of the roadway - correct answer ✔✔c. The 85th percentile speed of free-flowing traffic The U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies that traffic control signal Yellow Change intervals should be: a. At least 4 seconds long b. In the range of 2 to 5 seconds long c. In the range of 3 to 6 seconds long d. No more than 7 seconds long - correct answer ✔✔b. In the range of 2 to 5 seconds long On a freeway with a density of traffic flow of 60 vehicles per mile and a space mean speed of 40 mph, what is the average headway? a. 1.2 seconds per vehicle b. 1.5 seconds per vehicle c. 1.8 seconds per vehicle d. 2.1 seconds per vehicle - correct answer ✔✔b. 1.5 seconds per vehicle
Using the AASHTO calculation method, what is stopping sight distance for a road with a design speed of 60 mph and level grades? a. 380 feet b. 420 feet c. 570 feet d. 910 feet - correct answer ✔✔c. 570 feet The U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies that the diamond symbol on signs is to be used exclusively for: a. Reversible lanes b. Electronic toll collection lanes c. High occupancy vehicle lanes d. Two way left turn lanes - correct answer ✔✔c. High occupancy vehicle lanes By using daily and monthly expansion factors, future raw traffic count can be adjusted to estimate AADT. If the April ADT for a road is 3078 and the AADT for the road is 3419, what is the April expansion factor? a. 0. b. 1. c. 1. d. 1.72 - correct answer ✔✔b. 1. A 16-hour traffic counts, usually 6 am-10 pm normally accounts for what percentage of daily traffic on a roadway? a. 50 to 60% b. 60 to 75 % c. 90 to 95% d. 100% - correct answer ✔✔c. 90 to 95% Using the following Travel time study data, what is the average travel speed for the 2.75 mile route? Travel Time Study Data Test Run Travel Time
c. 6.1 seconds d. 3.8 seconds - correct answer ✔✔a. 5.5 seconds On a freeway with a flow rate of 3,000 vehicles per hour and a space mean speed of 60 mph, what is the density of traffic flow? a. 30 vehicles per mile b. 40 vehicles per mile c. 50 vehicles per mile d. 60 vehicles per mile - correct answer ✔✔c. 50 vehicles per mile Of all the physical characteristics of road users, which is the most important? a. Hearing b. Vision c. Strength and coordination d. Agility - correct answer ✔✔b. Vision What is the minimum vertical clearance for a sign installed above a sidewalk (not a secondary sign) according to the U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices? a. 5 feet b. 6 feet c. 7 feet d. 8 feet - correct answer ✔✔c. 7 feet A "short term stationary" temporary traffic control zone occupies a location for: a. More than 1 hour within a single daylight period b. Less than 1 hour c. More than 1 day and up to 3 days d. Less than 10 hours, day or night - correct answer ✔✔a. More than 1 hour within a single daylight period
By U.S. federal law, every urbanized area over what population size must have an ongoing transportation planning process? a. 25, b. 50, c. 200, d. 1,000,000 - correct answer ✔✔b. 50, The AASHTO "Green Book" recommends using what value of perception-reaction time for calculating Stopping Sight Distance? a. 1.5 seconds b. 2.0 seconds c. 2.5 seconds d. 3.0 seconds - correct answer ✔✔c. 2.5 seconds Purple pavement markings may be used to supplement lane line or edge line markings for: a. Electronic toll collection lanes b. High occupancy vehicle lanes c. Bicycle lanes d. Reversible lanes - correct answer ✔✔a. Electronic toll collection lanes When designing a curve on a road with a design speed of 70 mph, a maximum superelevation rate of 6%, and a side friction factor of 0.10, what is the minimum radius that can be used for this design speed? a. 1330 feet b. 1570 feet c. 1810 feet d. 2040 feet - correct answer ✔✔d. 2040 feet According to the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide, design options for treating roadside obstacles, in order of preference, are:
d. Failure to do what an ordinary, reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstances - correct answer ✔✔d. Failure to do what an ordinary, reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstances A roadside slope is considered "recoverable" if it is equal to or flatter than: a. 1V:3H b. 1V:4H c. 1V:8H d. 1V:10H - correct answer ✔✔b. 1V:4H Conversion of two-way streets to one-way flow can reduce which types of crashes? a. Pedestrian, left-turn, and rear-end b. Left-turn, lane-change, and head-on c. Pedestrian, rear-end, and lane-change - correct answer ✔✔ When timing pedestrian intervals for traffic control signals, what pedestrian walking speed should normally be used? a. 2.5 feet per second b. 3.5 feet per second c. 4.5 feet per second d. 5.5 feet per second - correct answer ✔✔b. 3.5 feet per second The following 15-minute volumes were recorded in a traffic count: 300 veh 400 veh 500 veh 300 veh What is the peak hour factor? a. 0. b. 0.
c. 0. d. 1.33 - correct answer ✔✔b. 0. Under base conditions what is generally considered to be freeway capacity? a. 1,250 to 1,500 passenger cars per hour per lane b. 1,500 to 1,850 passenger cars per hour per lane c. 1,900 to 2,000 passenger cars per hour per lane d. 2,250 to 2,400 passenger cars per hour per lane - correct answer ✔✔d. 2,250 to 2,400 passenger cars per hour per lane A Crash Modification Factor that is less than 1.0 indicates that: a. Crashes will likely be reduced b. Crashes will likely be increased c. Crashes will likely be unchanged d. No conclusions about crashes are possible - correct answer ✔✔a. Crashes will likely be reduced What is the maximum superelevation rate that AASHTO recommends for locations where snow and ice condition prevail? a. 4% b. 6% c. 8% d. 10% - correct answer ✔✔c. 8% Which of the following statements about Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons is true? a. Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons shall not be installed at locations where vehicle speeds exceed 30 mph b. A Flashing Yellow indication shall be displayed continuously unless the pedestrian pushbutton is activated c. The beacon faces shall consist of two signal sections, one with a circular red and one with a circular yellow indication
d. All curve warning signs shall be supplemented by an advisory speed plaque - correct answer ✔✔b. Lettering for names of places and streets on guide signs shall be a combination of lower-case letters with initial upper-case letters What is the primary function of a traffic signal? a. To alternately assign the right-of-way to various traffic movements at an intersection b. To maximize the capacity of an intersection c. To provide protection for pedestrians and other non-motorized users d. To minimize delay and travel time to all users - correct answer ✔✔a. To alternately assign the right-of- way to various traffic movements at an intersection Which of the following is NOT true about Road Safety Audits? a. It is a formal examination with structured process b. It focuses solely on safety issues c. It is conducted by a team of independent professionals d. It is limited to new or major redesign projects - correct answer ✔✔d. It is limited to new or major redesign projects Which of the following is NOT part of a motorist information system: a. Variable message signing b. In-vehicle guidance c. Ramp metering d. Radio messages - correct answer ✔✔c. Ramp metering Which is NOT a site specific transportation
demand management program element: a. Growth management b. Alternative modes of transportation c. Flextime d. Telecommuting - correct answer ✔✔a. Growth management Peak Hour Factor (PHF) - correct answer ✔✔measure of the fluctuation in traffic flow during the period of analysis. [V/(4*V_15)] A traffic engineer conducted a study on a basic freeway segment. The average space mean speed was 30 mi/h. The flow rate was 1,800 veh/h. What was the density of flow? - correct answer ✔✔The basic equation for uninterrupted flow is: v = S x D Where v = flow rate = 1,800 vph S = space mean speed = 30 mi/h Then D = v/S = 1,800/30 = 60 veh/mi If a two-way arterial street is converted to a one-way arterial street, which of the following is LEAST likely to occur? a. Reduced vehicle-miles of travel b. Increased travel speeds c. Reduced left-turn crashes at intersections d. Increased lane-change crashes - correct answer ✔✔a. Reduced vehicle-miles of travel Which of the following be LEAST likely to serve as a traffic calming strategy?
L = W x S Where W = width of lane = 12 ft S = design speed = 65 mph L = 12 x 65 = 780 ft For closing two lanes, the MUTCD indicates that the first lane be closed with taper L, then a distance of 2L is provided before the second lane is closed with taper L. Therefore the total distance for a two-lane closure is L+2L+L = 3120 ft There is a sharp curve on a rural collector highway with an 50 mph (80 km/h) speed limit. The comfortable speed on the curve is determined to be 35 mph (56 km/h). What is the MOST appropriate sign display for this condition? a. One or more chevron signs b. A Turn sign with advisory speed plaque c. A 35 mph speed limit sign d. A Curve sign with advisory speed plaque - correct answer ✔✔d. A Curve sign with advisory speed plaque Five signalized intersections are spaced at 1400 ft intervals along a two-way arterial street. What would be the BEST cycle length for a coordinated signal system if the desired progression speed is 35 mph? a. 70 seconds b. 85 seconds c. 100 seconds d. 110 seconds - correct answer ✔✔The best cycle length for the system is an even
multiple of the travel time between intersections. Travel time = D/V = 1400/(35x1.47) = 27 sec Good cycle lengths would be 27 sec., 54 sec., 108 sec., 162 sec., etc. Of the choices available, 110 sec. is the best cycle length Sample Question 55 Which of the following is NOT considered an ITS strategy? a. Electronic toll collection b. Variable speed limits c. Service patrol vehicles d. GPS locating systems for transit vehicles - correct answer ✔✔c. Service patrol vehicles A roadway that is intended to provide a high level of mobility and limited access is: a. Collector b. Arterial c. Local d. Low-volume road - correct answer ✔✔b. Arterial An intersection is STOP-controlled on the minor approach. The design speed of the major road is 50 mph. The major road is 1 lane in each directio terrain is level. What is the required intersection
General design practice has been to design high-speed roadways with a maximum rate of superelevation of 12 percent (0.12 ft/ft or m/m). Where snow and icy conditions are common, the maximum rate of superelevation should be limited to 8 percent (although some agencies use a maximum of 6 percent). - correct answer ✔✔ Tapers - correct answer ✔✔L=WS^2/ for S = 40 mph or less L=WS for S = 45 mph or more Merging Taper = L Shifting Taper = 1/2 L Work Zone Duration - correct answer ✔✔• Long Term Stationary: > 3 days
- Intermediate Term Stationary: 1-3 days or nighttime work lasting > 1 hour
- Short Term Stationary: daylight work, 1-12 hours
- Short Duration: < 1 hour
- Mobile: intermittent or continuous movement ITS Traveler Information
- Pre-Trip Planning Commercial radio/TV Telephone call-in service Kiosks Personal communications devices (PDA's)
- En-Route Information
Variable message signs/variable speed limits Highway advisory radio (HAR) Warnings of anticipated weather warnings of congestion, lane closures, crashes, etc. In-vehicle navigation Transit stop displays - correct answer ✔✔ deceleration rate (ft/s2) - correct answer ✔✔11.2 ft/sec Maximum grades according to design speed - correct answer ✔✔70 mph - 5%, 30 mph - 7 to 12% driver eye height - correct answer ✔✔3.5 ft object height - correct answer ✔✔2 ft Maximum Superelevation - correct answer ✔✔12% (8% if snow/ice) Roadway Safety Audit - correct answer ✔✔Road Safety Audit A formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent audit team
- A formal examination with a structured process
- Conducted independently by professionals
- Completed by a multi-disciplinary team
- Focuses solely on safety issues RSA can be performed at one or more stages of a roadway project:
- Planning or feasibility
- Preliminary design
- Final design
