Transform Plate Boundary, Slides of Geophysics

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TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

GROUP:

TRANSFORM

OUTLINES

 Plate Boundary

 Classifications of Plate Boundary

 Transform Plate Boundary

 Major Concepts of Transform Boundary

 Features of Transform Plate Boundary

 Types of Transform Boundary

 Oceanic Transform

 Continental transform

 Effects of Transform Boundary

 Summary

CLASSIFICATIONS OF PLATE BOUNDARY CONVERGENT DIVERGENT

TRANSFORM

TRANSFROM PLATE BOUNDARY A transform boundary occurs where two plates slide horizontally past each other.This is a conservative type of plate boundaries where lithosphere is neither created or destroyed. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARIESTRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY

FEATURES OF TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY  (^) Transform plate boundaries are strike-slip faults.  (^) Faults are nearly vertical and parallel to movement.  (^) Plates move laterally past one another.  (^) Most associated with divergent margins.  (^) Transform fault occurs in both oceanic and continental plates.

TYPES OF TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY RIDGE-RIDGE TRANSFORM TRENCH-TRENCH TRANSFORM RIDGE-TRENCH TRANSFORM There are generally three types of transform boundaries. These are-  (^) Ridge-Ridge Transform  (^) Ridge-Trench Transform  (^) Trench-Trench Transform

THE ROMANCHE FRACTURE ZONE  (^) Extends over the entire width of the ocean  (^) Separates the African and S.American plates. Active transform is approximately 600 km long  (^) Fault system is approximately 10 km wide  (^) A small portion rises above sea level The Romanche Fracture Zone extends across most of the Atlantic Ocean source: google map THE ROMANCHE FRACTURE ZONE THE ROMANCHE FRACTURE ZONE

THE CLIPPERTON FRACTURE ZONE  (^) Cuts the East Pacific Rise and just west of the central American coast.  (^) The Transform fault forms a series of ridges and troughs connecting two segments of the oceanic ridge.  (^) The offset is about 85 km.  (^) The plate north of the East Pacific Rise is higher.  (^) A fracture zone where no shear occurs exends beyond the active transform fault.CLIPPERTON FRACTURE ZONE CLIPPERTON FRACTURE ZONE Clipperton fracture zone source: jblearning.comsource: google map

CONTINENTAL TRANSFORM BOUNDARY

PULL APART BASIN

WOODEN BLOCK MODEL OF FORMING PULL APART BASIN

THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT  (^) The san andreas gulf of California transform system extends from northern California to just beyond the Tip of baja California.  (^) Forms a series of strike-slip faults with intervening pull-apart basins and compressional ridges of California. The San Andreas Gulf of California transform system system extends from northern California to just beyond the end of Baja California THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT

THE DEAD SEA TRANSFORM SYSTEM photo source: nasa Satellite view of the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba The Dead Sea The Gulf of Aqaba

THE ALPINE TRANSFORM FAULT The transform system of the Alpine afault, New Zealand , connects Tonga-Karmadec subduction zone to Macquarie subduction zone The alpine fault, new zealand, is a strike-slip fault that connects two plate boundaries.

Metamorphism & Magmatism

 (^) Metamorphism along transform fault zones creates deformation fabrics, seafloor metamorphism, and serpentinite.  (^) Volcanoes rarely develop on transform faults, but small volumes of basalt may erupt in pull-apart basins.

EFFECTS OF TRANSFORM BOUNDARY

STRONGLY FOLIATED SCHIST

SUMMARY  (^) At transform plate boundaries plates move horizontally past each other on strike-slip faults. Lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed.  (^) The three major types of transform boundaries are: (a) ridge-ridge transforms, (b) ridge-trench transforms, (c) trench-trench transforms.  (^) Parallel ridges and valleys, pull-apart basins, and belts of folds form. compression and extension develop in only small areas.  (^) Oceanic fracture zones tend perpendicular to oceanic ridge. They may be several kilometers wide and thousands of kilometers long. The structure and topography of oceanic fracture zones depend largely on the age difference across the fracture zone.  (^) Shallow earthquakes are common along transform plate boundaries; they are specially destructive on the continents.  (^) Volcanism is rare along transform plate boundaries, but small amounts of basalt erupt locally from from leaky transform faults.  (^) Metamorphism in transform fault zones create rocks with strongly sheared fabrics, as well as hydrated  (^) Continental transform fault zones are similar to oceanic transforms, but they lack fracture zone extensions.