Transformer on no load
1. Primary Winding and AC Supply:
• The primary winding is connected to an AC power supply.
• Alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding.
2. Creation of Changing Magnetic Field:
• As the AC current alternates, it creates a changing magnetic field around
the primary winding.
3. Induction of EMF in Secondary Winding:
• The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the
secondary winding through electromagnetic induction.
4. No Load Current:
• Since there is no external load connected to the secondary winding, only a
small no-load current flows through the secondary winding.
5. Voltage Induction in Secondary:
• The induced EMF in the secondary winding creates a voltage, but since
there is no load connected, there is no significant current flow.
6. Magnetization and Core Losses:
• The primary purpose in the no-load condition is to establish the magnetic
flux in the core, leading to magnetization of the core material (usually iron
or steel).
• Core losses, including hysteresis and eddy current losses, occur.
Transformer on load
1. Load Connection:
• In the on-load condition, a load is connected to the secondary winding of
the transformer.
• The load can be any electrical device (resistive, inductive, or capacitive)
that draws power from the transformer.
2. Voltage Induction:
• The primary winding is connected to the power supply, and an alternating
current flows through it.
• The changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the
secondary winding.
3. Current Flow:
