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Objectives:
(a) To test the transistor as: (i) NPN or PNP (ii) Useable or Burnt (iii) Identifying its Base, Collector and Emitter (b) To Use the transistor as a switch to make: (i) NOT gate (ii) AND/NAND gate (iii) OR/NOR gate
Equipments:
Several transistors of different types, Two C828 Transistors, A digital multimeter, A logic probe, A Bread Board, Connecting Wires, A digital trainer board.
Procedures:
(a) Transistor Testing:
The basic procedure to test a transistor is that first assume that the transistor is NPN. Then take a digital multimeter and switch its knob to the diode tester. Place the positive probe of the DMM on any of the legs of the transistor and place the negative probe on the other two legs one by one and observe the readings. If the DMM does not give any reading then place the positive probe of the DMM on any of the other two legs and repeat the above mentioned process.
If the transistor is NPN then the DMM will give some readings at any step. Thus we observe the following: (i) The positive probe of the DMM is at its base (ii) The negative probe is at the collector and emitter, at the emitter the DMM gives greater reading w.r.t. collector.
If the above test fails then switch the negative and positive probes of the DMM and repeat the same procedure.
If the transistor is PNP then the DMM will give some readings at any step. Thus we observe the following: (iii) The negative probe of the DMM is at its base (iv) The positive probe is at the collector and emitter, at the emitter the DMM gives greater readingw.r.t. collector.
If both of the above tests fails then the transistor is either burnt out or it is not a transistor.
(b) Use of a transistor as a switch:
(i) NOT gate:
Assemble the circuit as shown in the following figure to make a NOT gate.
(iii) OR/NOR gate:
Assemble the circuit as shown in the following figure to make an OR/NOR gate.
