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For midterm transportaton engineering
Typology: Study notes
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① Governing^ Eyn^
and resistances ② (^) Aerodynamic Resistance ③ (^) Rolling Resistonce Grade (^) Resistance ⑤ Engine^ Generated^ Tractive^ Effort ⑥ Vehicle^ Speed from^ Engine (^) Speed & Maximum Friction^ Force^ for^ rem wheel^ drive ⑧ Maximum^ Friction^ Force^ for^ front^ wheel^ drive ⑨ Brake^ force^ ratio Braking (^) Efficiency Braking Distance Perception time^ and^ perception distance stoppingSight distance^ from^ speed Vertical Curve equation
Vertical Curve^ offsets K for^ vential^ curves Crest Curve^ sight distance Say Curre^ Sight distance ⑲ Passing Sight Distance Underpass Sight^ Distance Cornering (^) Egration (Rv, fs^ ,^ V, e) Basic (^) Horizontal Curve^ egrations stopping (^) sight distance^ for^ horizontal^ curve^ obstructions Determine Mr^ from^ CBR Equivalent Single^ axle^ loud^ equirancy factor Structura Number Design Lune^ loads Unstructured (^) Target Search^ time
~ (^) speed in (^) tps tre =^0. (^01) (1 +^ mn) Re composed of D) (^) Tire deformation - (^90) % (^2). (^) Tire (^) penstration/surface (^) compression -^7 %
Speed vs.^ Engine^ Speed
v =^ wheel^ radius ⑥ v = 2urne(1 - i) (^) Be = (^) crankshaft (^) ups E 。 (^) i = (^) driveline slippage to = year reduction^ ratio MaximumFriction^ Force Rear Wheel^ Drive M^ = coett (^) of (^) friction W= vehicle^ weight ⑦ F = MW(lf- freh)^ bilf =^ half^ of^ wheelbase
Stopping Sight^ Distance (from^ speed) (^9) , 2 SSD = 2g( = (^) G)
1 12 .
x Vertical Curve equ
= (^) ax 2 t by^ tc PVI^ ELEr
a = 路
c = Yo =^ Elev pre
Vertical Curve Offseter y
↓ (^) ) A^ tangent o (^) corr ⑥ .y!- 1 m 世 ⑥ · I X k
! Y :^ . × Im 学 : ‰ K :^ Length of^ Curve^ required for 1 % (^) change in Slope Length of^ Curre^ in + ← K = EF m abs (^) diff of grades 5 %) i horizontal distance (^) for (^0) % S horizonta a a 、 、 Xule = (^) K. 1 G、 1 [distance from PVC Tabs (^) val of to (^) high or low
point
Sag Curre Sight Distance · (^) depends on headlights
S
Ton ¿ ~ σ (^) J (^) B 10 ) ↑ @ PVT · K PVI λ ∠
As ? L =^25 - (^200) (Ht Sten (B)) L = (^200) ( HtStan( B^5 )^ A Simplifications :^ H^ = (^) 25t
and S^ =^ SSD SSD <^ L^ SSD^ >^ ( A x (^) SSDD
L =^2 × (^) SSD
L= 400 + (^3). 5 x (^) SSD 40 & (^) assumes L > SSD (^) L = (^) KA K=+^3 .SSSD
Underpass Sight^ Distance Couly^ Sag^ Curves) k S^ } 0 dm ^
∞ _' ↑ PVC The q (^) pVT V PVI } ( □ scl (^) S > L
? に (^800) ( H - (崎)) L : (^25) - Simplifications :^ h^ =^ 87t^ (truck)^ , he^ =^ 2S
S =^ SSD SSDC L (^) SSD > L L =
NOOCH- S (^) ) ん = 2 ×SSD ⼀
Stopping Sight^ Distance For Horizontal Curves ∠ ssm ∠ _ ' ^ … … ^ G ↑ obstruction
Δ _
_ · Ms = (^) Ru (^) ( 1 - cos()) ' SSD = Zv (c0s"^ ())
PANEMENT Design Present (^) Serviceability Index (^) (PSE )
PS pSt.^ ' _
PsIE ; π t PSI 「 p3% / doe to^ weather psìz PSI 「 p3t
. totul ← psIt > (^) t ~ DesignParameterse^ strength : (^) water content ,^ soil^ type (2.^ Loads^ ·^ trucks^ and^ buses
Zp
pavement equ^ and (^) obtained from R^ %
T =^ W Fm search (^) time (^) per torget & forget will^ be^ found^ after Of (^) forgets are searched^ on^ ang Perception
· (^) affected (^) by age ,^ driver^ experience ,^ conditions
Vehicle features^ impacting safety
Braking Capabilit . (^) ' _ Energy absorption besign
pedestrian crossing^ facilities Tratfic (^) Safzty solutions^ (3Es]
Engineering ~ (^) safer roads and (^) vehicles
Enforcement
improve driver^ skills Traditional (^) approach vs. Safe^ system (^) approach Reduce Crashes Reduce Casualties Reactive / Incremental (^) Proactive/systemic Crashes (^) caused (^) by shared (^) responsibility (^) , uson non-compliant users and^ system at fault
