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When securing a patient with a suspected spinal injury to a long backboard, it is important to: secure the torso as your partner maintains manual stabilization of the head. When administering isotonic crystalloid boluses to a hypotensive patient who lost a significant volume of blood from a lacerated femoral artery, you should: recall that isotonic crystalloids are not capable of carrying oxygen. Using the adult Rule of Nines, the anterior thorax accounts for what percent of the total body surface area? 9 During an attempted resuscitation of a 78-year-old woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the defibrillation pads and turn on the cardiac monitor. Her cardiac rhythm reveals asystole. Suddenly, the machine shuts off and will not turn back on when you push the power button. You continue resuscitative efforts and transport the patient to the hospital, where she was pronounced dead. Upon returning to quarters, you learn that the crew before you also had a cardiac arrest call, but did not replace the batteries in the monitor/defibrillator. In this case: you and your partner may be held legally accountable for her death.
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General treatment for a patient with full-thickness burns includes: covering the burns with a dry, sterile dressing and keeping the patient warm. The baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses are extremely sensitive to: changes in arterial perfusion pressure. You and your partner are standing by at a community softball tournament when you witness the collapse of a 39-year-old male immediately after he was struck in the chest by a softball. You quickly assess him and determine that he is apneic and pulseless. This patient's cardiac arrest was MOST likely caused by: a cardiac dysrhythmia. A 19-year-old male was ejected from his vehicle when it struck a tree head-on. The patient is found lying in a prone position on the road. After log-rolling him to a supine position, your partner, who is manually stabilizing the patient's head, opens his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. The patient is unresponsive; has copious amounts of blood and large debris in his mouth; and has slow, irregular respirations. You should: remove the large visible debris from his mouth with a finger sweep
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Which of the following factors would reduce the blood's natural ability to clot, thus worsening internal or external bleeding? Hypothermia A middle-aged male experienced partial-thickness splash burns to 36% of his body surface area. The burns are all located above his waist. What parts of his body have been burned? Anterior torso and both arms Which of the following factors or conditions would MOST likely impair hemostasis and increase the risk of complications from blunt trauma? Liver disease Most chemical burn injuries are treated with: water Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Tension pneumothorax
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External bleeding would be the MOST difficult to control in a patient who has a laceration to the: femoral artery and a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg Which of the following statements regarding vehicle airbags is correct? Most airbag-related deaths are the result of the occupant being too close to the airbag when it deploys. While assessing a 78 - year-old woman who fell, you note crepitus and pain to her pelvis. The patient is conscious but restless, and her skin is dry. Her blood pressure is 82/42 mm Hg and her pulse rate is 66 beats/min. Her medical history is significant for hypertension and congestive heart failure. Which of the following would BEST explain her vital sign findings? She takes a beta blocker medication for hypertension. A semiconscious young female has just been extricated from her wrecked vehicle. Her airway is patent, her respirations are rapid and shallow, and her pulse is rapid and weak. She has bilaterally closed femur fractures; an open humerus fracture with active bleeding; a rigid, distended abdomen; and a large hematoma to her forehead. The closest trauma center is 25 miles away. What interventions should you perform at the scene?
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Ruptured spleen You should be MOST suspicious that your patient has experienced a cardiac tamponade if he or she presents with: hypotension, jugular venous distention, and normal lung sounds. You and your partner arrive at the scene of a motorcycle crash. You find the patient lying supine approximately 30 feet from his bike. As you approach him, you can see that he has bilaterally closed femur fractures and multiple abrasions and lacerations to his arms and legs. Bystanders removed his helmet prior to your arrival. You should: ask your partner to stabilize the patient's head as you assess his airway. You are assessing a patient with an injury to the left midshaft femur. Which of the following is the LEAST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture? Ecchymosis and swelling A deep partial-thickness burn is characterized by: edema, blister formation, and decreased sensation around the burn. General assessment and treatment guidelines for a patient with a large avulsion injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: cleaning the wound with betadine solution.
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A woman was struck by lightning while working in her garden. Her husband tells you that when he first found her, she was unconscious and not breathing. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, but has no recollection of the event. Her airway is patent and her breathing is adequate. Her blood pressure is 134/74 mm Hg, pulse is 88 beats/min, and respirations are 20 breaths/min. The cardiac monitor reveals a sinus rhythm without ectopy. She is moving all of her extremities and has no obvious burns or musculoskeletal injuries. She refuses to allow you to apply a cervical collar and place her onto a backboard, but consents to other treatment and transport. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: oxygen via nasal cannula or nonrebreathing mask, 12-lead ECG acquisition, continuous cardiac monitoring, an IV line set to keep the vein open, and transport. A 44-year-old male was near a building when it exploded. He presents with widespread burns, hemoptysis, and blunt head trauma with signs of increased intracranial pressure. This patient MOST likely experienced his head injury during the phase of the explosion. tertiary Common signs of a maxillofacial fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:
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irregular, and respirations are 26 breaths/min and shallow. The remainder of your assessment is unremarkable. You should suspect: myocardial contusion. A 34 - year-old construction worker fell approximately 25 feet and landed on his head; he was not wearing a safety helmet. He is semiconscious and has slow, irregular breathing. Further assessment reveals that his teeth are clenched and he is bleeding from the nose. As your partner manually stabilizes his head, you should: assist his ventilations with a bag-valve-mask and high-flow oxygen. Which of the following injuries would MOST likely result from a motorcycle striking a fixed object? Femur fractures and head injury A 45-year-old man sustained an isolated stab wound to the upper left thigh during a bar fight. As you approach him, he is conscious and screaming in pain. You can see bright red blood spurting from the wound. You should: Control the bleeding immediately. Which of the following patients is MOST in need of rapid extrication following a motor vehicle crash?
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28 - year-old man with a unilateral femur fracture and confusion Following blunt force trauma to the anterior chest, a man presents with difficulty breathing, engorged jugular veins, absent breath sounds over the left side of the chest, and hypotension. Which of the following BEST describes the pathophysiology of this patient's injury? Increased pressure in the pleural space is compressing the great vessels You are treating a young male with an arterial hemorrhage from a large laceration to his inner arm. Despite direct pressure with a sterile dressing, the wound continues to bleed heavily. You should: apply a proximal tourniquet until the bleeding stops. A 22 - year-old man had a strong acid chemical splashed into both of his eyes. He is conscious and alert, is experiencing intense pain, and states that he is wearing contact lenses. Treatment should include: removing the contact lenses and beginning irrigation of both eyes. The MOST significant complication associated with an open-book pelvic fracture is: an increase in pelvic volume with more internal blood loss than pelvic fractures caused by lateral compression.
