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A concise question-and-answer review of ekg interpretation, covering key aspects such as av node rate, sa node rate, purkinje fibers rate, pr interval, qrs interval, and qt interval durations. It includes causes and treatments for various heart rhythms and conditions like normal sinus rhythm (nsr), sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation (afib), atrial flutter (aflutter), supraventricular tachycardia (svt), and different degrees of heart block. Additionally, it addresses junctional rhythms, pvcs, ventricular tachycardia (vtach), ventricular fibrillation (vfib), torsades de pointes, and asystole, along with pacing concepts such as atrial, ventricular, and av pacing, and pacemaker malfunctions. This material is designed to aid in quick review and understanding of ekg findings and related clinical responses, making it a valuable resource for medical students and healthcare professionals.
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AV node rate 40-60 bpm
SA node rate 60-100 bpm
Purkinje fibers rate 20-40 bpm
PR interval is from _ to _? beginning of P wave to beginning of Q wave
QRS interval is from _ to _? beginning of Q to end of S
QT interval is from _ to _?
beginning of Q to end of T
PR interval normal duration 0.12-0.20 s
QRS normal duration 0.04-0.12 s
QT interval normal duration 0.36-0.
Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)
Cause and treatment for NSR? N/A None
Sinus Bradycardia
Cause and treatment of Afib? MI Amiodarone
Aflutter
Cause and treatment of aflutter? HTN metropolol
Rate > 150
Cause and treatment of SVT? Anxiety Vagal stimulation
First Degree Heart Block
Cause and treatment of 1st degree HB? Beta blockers Review meds, continue to monitor
Second degree HB, Type 1 Progressively lengthening PR intervals 1 dropped QRS complex
Cause and treatment for 2nd degree HB type 1? Beta blockers None of asymptomatic
Second degree HB, Type 2 Multiple dropped QRS complexes
Cause and treatment for 2nd degree HB type 2? Beta blockers Treat underlying cause (temp pacing if symptomatic)
60-100 bpm
100 bpm
NSR with 1 PJC
Cause and treatment for PJC? MI Continue to observe
NSR with 3 unifocal PVCs Irregular
Cause and treatment for PVCs? Anxiety Treat underlying cause (have pt calm down)
Idioventricular rhythm RHYTHM OF A DYING HEART!!!
Cause and treatment for idioventricular rhythm? MI Palliative care
Ventricular Tachycardia wide QRS
Cause and treatment for vtach? Pulseless - CPR and defib Pulse - cardioversion
Ventricular fibrillation (vfib)
Cause and treatment for vfib? Pulseless - CPR and defib
Junctional rhythm into Torsades de Pointes Junctional because no p wave
Failure to sense Absent pacemaker spikes
Failure to capture Spike with no p wave or QRS after
