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ULTIMATE D278 SCRIPTING AND PROGRAMMING
FOUNDATIONS
Which operator should be used to determine if a number is evenly divisible by 5? - Answer - % A car drove 200 miles using 10 gallons of fuel. Which operation should be used to compute the miles per gallon, which is 20? - Answer - Division A variable should hold a person's height in meters. Which data type should the variable be? - Answer - Float A variable should hold the names of all past U.S. presidents. Which data type should the variable be? - Answer - String array A program uses the number of seconds in a minute in various calculations. How should the item that holds the number of seconds in a minute be declared? - Answer - Constant integer secondsPerMinute A program determines if a user's age is high enough to run for U.S. president. The minimum age requirement is 35. How should the item that holds the minimum age be declared? - Answer - Constant integer minAge Given integer x = 3 and integer y = 5. What is the value of the expression ( x / 2.0) + y? - Answer - 6. Given float x = 10.2 and float y = 1.0. What is the value of the expression x / y? - Answer - 10. What kind of operator is the == in the expression i == 20? - Answer - Equality What is the purpose of parentheses () in a programming expression? - Answer - To group expressions Given float x = 3.0. Which expression evaluates to 2.0? - Answer - x / 2 + 0.5 /2 +. Which expression evaluates to true only when the user is within 3 years of 21 years, given a variable x containing a user's age? - Answer - ( x >= 18) and ( x <= 24) Which data type is used for items that are measured in length? - Answer - Float
Which data type should be used to keep track of how many planes are in a hangar? - Answer - Integer A function should convert hours and minutes to seconds, such as converting 1 hour and 10 minutes to 4,200 seconds. What should be the input to the function? - Answer - Hours and minutes A function returns a number x cubed. For example, if x is 3, the function returns 3 * 3 * 3, or 27. What should be the input to the function? - Answer - x A function calculates the weight difference (Diff) given two sample weights (S1 and S2). What should be the output from the function? - Answer - Diff function P(integer x) returns integer y y = 2 * x What does P(5) evaluate to? - Answer - 10 Function F() Put "Hey" to output What entire output appears after three successive calls to F()? - Answer - HeyHeyHey What is a valid user-defined function name? - Answer - Any valid identifier A function MyFct has an input x and an output z. What does MyFct return? - Answer - z only What is the return value of a function? - Answer - Output of a function A program should continue accepting input numbers, adding each to a sum, until a 0 is input. Which control structure should be used? - Answer - While loop Joe is building an online game. He wants to provide a riddle and have the player guess the answer. The game needs to prompt the user to enter the answer, check to see if it the input provided does not match the correct answer, and continue prompting the user until the answer entered matches the correct answer. Which control structure supports Joe's needs? - Answer - Do-while loop What is put to output by the following pseudocode: x = 3 do Put x to output Put " " to output x = x - 1 while x > 0 - Answer - 3 2 1
What does the following algorithm accomplish? x = Get next input if x == - 1 Put "Goodbye" to output - Answer - Outputs Goodbye when user types - 1 What does an output of 1 indicate for the following algorithm running on a five-element list of integers? i = 0 x = 0 while i < 5 if list[i] < 0 x = 1 i = i + 1 Put x to output - Answer - At least one integer is negative When should a programmer develop an algorithm to solve a problem? - Answer - Before writing a program to solve the problem Which text represents an algorithm? - Answer - Insert key, turn key, open door Which text represents an algorithm? - Answer - Shake bulb; if it rattles, replace it An algorithm should output "OK" if a list's numbers are all non-zero, else the output is "Not OK." Which test is a valid test of the algorithm? - Answer - Input 99, 0, 5. Ensure output is "Not OK." Which elements are characteristic of a class diagram? - Answer - System's classes, attributes, and methods and their features, constraints, and relationships Which phase of a waterfall approach would create a sequence diagram that specifies the required order of events between completed program components? - Answer - Design Which phase of an agile approach would define a hypothesis to find a problem in a program? - Answer - Testing Which phase of an agile approach would create an executable program? - Answer - Implementation Which phase of an agile approach would create a list of components needed to build an online auction site? - Answer - Design
Which phase of a waterfall approach defines a program's goals? - Answer - Analysis After a programmer is done writing a program, another person runs the program hundreds of times, each time with different input, checking that each run yields correct output. Which phase of a waterfall approach is the person carrying out? - Answer - Testing A programmer decides a program should convert U.S. units to metric units and decides to write the program in C++ using several functions. Which phase of a waterfall approach is occurring when the programmer starts writing the program? - Answer - Implementation A company has a new project it wishes to implement to track and analyze employee and customer interactions. The company leadership determines that the system should support direct data entry as well as automated data capture of phone calls and emails. Which phase of the waterfall process is occurring? - Answer - Analysis A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. The customer provides feedback, which causes the programmer to change the goals of the program. In which phase of an agile approach are goals changed based on customer feedback? - Answer - Analysis A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer begins writing a second version of the program. In which phase of an agile approach does the writing of a second version of the program occur? - Answer - Implementation A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer creates a second version, and then has a colleague run the second version on numerous inputs to ensure outputs are correct. Which phase of an agile approach is that colleague carrying out? - Answer - Testing A programmer is currently programming the fourth version of a program. Each version has additional features to satisfy more customers. In which phase of an agile approach does the programming of the fourth version occur?
- Answer - Implementation What does a programmer do first to use an existing programming library? - Answer - Include the library What relationship is common among a programming library's functions? - Answer - Functions all relate to the same purpose
Variables - Answer - To refer to data, like x. Algorithm - Answer - A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. Flowchart - Answer - A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs. Run execute - Answer - Carrying out a program's statements. String literal - Answer - Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!". Characters - Answer - Any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @, etc.). Newline - Answer - A two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line. Comment - Answer - Text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing. Whitespace - Answer - Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines. Moore's Law - Answer - Engineers have reduced switch sizes by half about every 2 years. Assignment statement - Answer - Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5. Variable declaration - Answer - Specifies the variable's name and type. Integer - Answer - Can hold whole number values, like 1, 999, 0, or - 25 (but not 3.5 or 0.001). Naming conventions - Answer - A set of style guidelines defined by a company, team, teacher, etc., for naming variables. Lower camel case - Answer - Capitalizing each word except the first, as in numApples or peopleOnBus. Expression - Answer - A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Ex: 2 * (x + 1) is an expression. If x is 3, the expression evaluates to the value 8. Incremental development - Answer - The process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more, and so on.
Operator - Answer - A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like + which performs addition. Arguments - Answer - Any function input values, appear within ( ), and are separated by commas if more than one. Parameter - Answer - A function input specified in a function definition. Loop - Answer - A program that repeatedly executes statements while the expression is true; when false, execution proceeds past. Pseudocode - Answer - Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding. if else - Answer - A decision and its two branches. Because IF the decision's expression is true then the first branch executes, ELSE the second branch executes. Boolean - Answer - A type that has just two values: true or false. While loop - Answer - A loop that repeatedly executes the loop body while the loop's expression evaluates to true. For loop - Answer - A loop with three parts at the top: a loop variable initialization, a loop expression, and a loop variable update. Do While loop - Answer - A loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the loop condition. Array - Answer - An ordered list of items of a given data type. Function call - Answer - Consists of the function name and parentheses, within which comma-separated arguments (if any) appear. Analysis - Answer - This first SDLC phase determines the goals and requirements for a system. Design - Answer - This second SDLC phase defines specifics of how to build a program. Implementation - Answer - This third SDLC phase involves writing the program. Testing - Answer - The fourth SDLC phase checks the system functions properly and meets requirements.
