Download BIOL 1052 Midterm 1: Introduction to Biodiversity - Exam Q&A and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
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The study of interplay between humans and their surroundings
- How humans effect the environment
- How the environment effects humans - correct answer ✅Environmental Science Interdisciplinary field of study of (interacts with many other types of science) Examples: Biology, ecology, conservation biology, economics, political science, law, psychology, ethics, philosophy, design - correct answer ✅Environmental Science is a... Study of all organisms and their environments - correct answer ✅Ecology Social movements aimed at protecting the environment through human choice or political action
correct answer ✅Environmental Activism
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the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. - correct answer ✅Environment -The obvious or intuitive answer is not always the correct one. -Careful analysis of all facets of a problem is needed. -Environmental decisions are complex. Easy answers are likely flawed. -You need data to solve environmental issues! - correct answer ✅In environmental science... the ability to hold conflicting ideas in your mind simultaneously, without denying or dismissing any of them. - correct answer ✅tolerance of ambiguity
- Make an observation
- Ask a question
- Form a hypothesis
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- Land ethic - humans as part of biotic and abiotic commnunity - correct answer ✅Types of Environmental ethics Assumption of unlimited resources - move somewhere else when resources all all used up - correct answer ✅Frontier ethic Knowing resources are limited - using them wisely to sustain resources for future use. - correct answer ✅Sustainable ethic Use, but conserve resources - correct answer ✅Conservation ethic Recognizing intrinsic value of landscapes and biota. Preserve in unaltered form - correct answer ✅Preservation ethic (1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite
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National Park in California. (preservation ethics) - correct answer ✅John Muir head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them. (conservation ethics) - correct answer ✅Gifford Pinchot The Land Ethic (humans part of biological community) Also wrote A Sand County Almanac - correct answer ✅Aldo Leopold Living within the means of the Earth without impairing its function - correct answer ✅Sustainability situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community - correct answer ✅Tragedy of the Commons
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-Emergency Conservation Work Act (1933) - response to economic depression
- Conservation and preservation, designation of nat'l parks, wildlife refuges. - correct answer ✅US environmental policy wave 2 Responses to pollution
- Clean Air Act (1963)
- Safe drinking water act (1974)
- Formation of EPA (1970) - correct answer ✅US environmental policy wave 3 The change in the heritable characteristics of a population over time - correct answer ✅Biological Evolution Genetic characteristic, can be passed down - correct answer ✅Heritable Variant of a gene - correct answer ✅allele
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Group of organisms of the same species - correct answer ✅Population Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes - correct answer ✅Genetic variation
- Mutations
- Migration
- Sexual reproduction
- Horizontal gene transfer - correct answer ✅Causes of genetic variation permanent change in a DNA sequence caused by mistakes in DNA replication or external factors (radiation) - correct answer ✅Mutation
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The formation of a new and distinct species - correct answer ✅Speciation The comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment - correct answer ✅Ecology Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere - correct answer ✅Scales of ecological study demographics and growth of the population - correct answer ✅Population ecology interactions and energy flow in a community - correct answer ✅Community ecology Type 1 - little offspring raised for may year, usually survive long Type 2 - medium offspring, equal chance to survive or die each year
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Type 3 - Many offspring where only a few survive into old age - correct answer ✅Survivorship Curves Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support - correct answer ✅Carrying capacity Association of interacting species in a defined area - correct answer ✅Community Organisms help one another. (Yucca plant and yucca moth) - correct answer ✅Mutualism ( ++) Predation, herbivory, parasitism, inter trophic level interaction - correct answer ✅Consumption (+-) When organisms battle eachother over resources - correct answer ✅Competition (--)
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The gradual community change in an area following creation of a new substrate or disturbance - correct answer ✅Succession Occurs on newly exposed geological substrates (lava flows) - correct answer ✅Primary succession Change following a disturbance that doesn't entirely destroy soil (wild fires) - correct answer ✅Secondary succession First species to populate an area during primary succession - correct answer ✅Pioneer Species Species that occur later on in successional stages - correct answer ✅Climax Species Tropical trees Year round breeding
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Territorial defense - correct answer ✅In less variable environments we see... Temperate deciduous trees Migration Food storage Dormancy (hibernation or estivation) - correct answer ✅In more variable environments we see...
- Energy availability
- Temperature
- Time
- Space
- Geography
- Landscape heterogeneity
- Disturbance patterns - correct answer ✅Drivers of Biodiversity
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species that plays a major role in shaping a community by creating and enhancing a habitat that benefits other species - correct answer ✅Foundation species Exotic/Non-native species that have a significant negative effect on an ecological community - correct answer ✅Invasive species
