Classical Conditioning: Understanding S-R and S-S Learning and Theoretical Explanations, Slides of Learning processes

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Classical Conditioning:

Underlying Processes

 S-S vs S-R Learning  Theoretical Explanations

Two Models of Learning S-R model

NS US UR

CS UR

Theoretical Explanations

• Stimulus-Substitution Theory
  • CS acts as a substitute for US “food center” “salivation center” “light center”

Sign Tracking

Theoretical Explanations

• Preparatory-Response Theory
  • CS tells organism to get ready for US

Two Models of Learning S-S model

NS US UR

CS US

S-S Learning

US Revaluation :

US and CS associated

S-R model S-S model

Dog : Bite  Fear

NS US  UR

Dog : Bite  Fear

NS US  UR

Two Models of Learning

Theoretical Explanations Preparatory-Response Theory

Compensatory-Response Model

Unconditioned response to shock: Shock  increased heart rate US UR First few pairings: Tone:Shock  increased heart rate NS US UR Tone  increased heart rate CS CR After repeated pairings: Tone:Shock  increased heart rate NS US UR Tone  decreased heart rate CS CR

Drug Addiction Heroin-related cues: Relaxing effect  Tension a-process b-process NS US UR Heroin-related cues  tension CS CR

Drug Tolerance

Rescorla-Wagner Model

• Proposes that the US has a limited amount of associative value, and that this value is distributed among the available CSs

Examples

1. Tone (V=0): Food (Max=10)  10 drops of saliva

Tone (V=10) 10 drops of saliva