Abnormal Psychology Test Bank: Chapter 1 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR BY SUE, DAVID, SUE,

DERALD WING, SUE, STANLEY, SUE, DIANE M. 10TH EDITION

Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which statement about abnormal psychology is accurate? a. Abnormal psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify unusual behaviors. b. Although abnormal psychology has made several gains in the past 20 years, it is not yet a scientific field of study. c. The subject matter of abnormal psychology is restricted to extremely bizarre behavior. d. Most diagnoses of abnormality are based on two or three basic behavioral factors.

ANS: A REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

2. Psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, results primarily from ____. a. genetic factors b. environmental factors c. sociocultural factors d. an interaction of many factors

ANS: D REF: Introduction OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

3. Dr. Thompson collects information in order to describe and draw inferences about an individual's psychological disorder. Dr. Thompson is engaged in ____. a. therapy b. predicting dangerousness c. psychodiagnosis d. research

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

4. Dr. Kohn is a psychoanalyst, Dr. Edwards is a humanistic therapist, Dr. Peterson is a cognitive behavioral therapist, and Dr. James is a Gestalt therapist. Each of them would likely have a different ____ for a client's abnormality. a. time of onset b. explanation c. diagnosis d. prognosis

ANS: B REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

5. A psychologist says, “Juan's abnormal behavior is likely due to a combination of biology and inadequate interpersonal skills.” The psychologist is ____. a. predicting the future symptoms of Juan b. giving Juan a psychodiagnosis c. offering an explanation for Juan's problem d. describing how to control Juan's symptoms

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

11. Clinical psychologists usually have ____ degrees, unlike psychiatrists, who have ____ degrees. a. bachelor's (B.S.); medical (M.D.) b. medical (M.D.); doctorate (Ph.D.) c. doctorate (Ph.D. or Psy.D); medical (M.D.) d. master's (M.S.); doctorate (Ph.D.)

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

12. Harold is a mental health professional who has a medical degree and prescribes antidepressants and antipsychotic medication for his patients. After graduating from medical school, he completed a three-year residency in his field. We can guess that Harold is a ____. a. social worker b. psychiatrist c. clinical psychologist d. psychoanalyst

ANS: B REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

13. Linda, Jayne, and Sheryl all are called “doctors.” All are mental health professionals. However, Linda has a Psy.D., Jayne has an M.D., and Sheryl has a D.S.W. We can predict that ____. a. Sheryl is a psychiatrist b. Linda is a social worker c. Linda is a clinical psychologist d. Jayne is a clinical psychologist

ANS: C REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

14. Psychiatrists must have an M.D.; clinical psychologists must have a Ph.D. or Psy.D. Psychoanalysts must have ____. a. a master's (M.S.) degree b. an M.D c. only a bachelor's (B.S.) degree d. their own intensive personal analysis from an experienced analyst

ANS: D REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Factual

15. Johanna is an M.D. who received intensive training in the ideas of Sigmund Freud. She also went through her own psychoanalysis as part of this training. We can guess that Johanna is a ____. a. psychoanalyst b. marriage and family counselor c. psychiatric social worker d. behaviorally oriented counseling psychologist

ANS: A REF: The Concerns of Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 1 MSC: Applied

16. Isabel tells Dr. Paz that the spirits she sees of her dead grandparents are causing her a great deal of anxiety, although they have motivated her to seek her medical degree. Isabel lives in Brazil. If Dr. Paz diagnoses her as having a psychological disorder, he will likely attribute it to which criterion? a. deviance b. distress c. dangerousness d. dysfunction

ANS: B REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

17. One strength in using the deviance criterion is that it ____. a. uses an objective method of defining abnormal behavior b. stresses the attainment of realistic goals c. examines how the individual views his or her own behavior d. accounts for the complexity of behavior observed in people from different cultures

ANS: A REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Conceptual

18. A psychologist defined mental retardation solely on the basis of how far from “normal” an individual's IQ score is. The criterion used is ____. a. abnormality b. cultural relativism c. cultural universality d. deviance

ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Conceptual

19. Anita went to the mall. Suddenly she looked around and had no idea where she was, whether it was day or night, or even what day it was. Anita was experiencing ____. a. a hallucination b. a delusion c. disorientation d. psychosis

ANS: C REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

20. Suree is studying to be a clinical psychologist from an accredited program. She will learn that, with respect to bias in diagnosing clients, ____. a. even the most enlightened and well-intended mental health professionals may engage in race, gender, and social class bias b. psychologists are less likely than other mental health professionals to overpathologize clients on the basis of race, gender, or social class c. clinical psychologists receive better training than other mental health professionals for recognizing their tendency to hold prejudicial attitudes toward clients d. mental health professionals are more likely to hold prejudicial attitudes and biases against males than against females

ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Applied

26. Headache is to ____ as delusions are to ____. a. dysfunction; deviance b. discomfort; deviance c. deviance; dysfunction d. discomfort; dysfunction

ANS: B REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual

27. Sensory misperceptions, which may include hearing voices others do not hear or seeing things other do not see, are called ____. a. dysfunctions b. disorientations c. delusions d. hallucinations

ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual

28. Mel has the mistaken belief that his father has stolen his identity and that his mother is trying to poison him. Mel's mistaken beliefs illustrate ____. a. delusions b. disorientation c. underachievement d. hallucinations

ANS: A REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

29. Jack carries on conversations with creatures only he can see in a language that no one else can understand. Jack says the creatures instruct him to crush insects that only Jack can see. Jack is experiencing ____. a. delusions b. discomfort c. hallucinations d. disorientation

ANS: C REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

30. During a diagnostic interview, a psychiatrist asks the client if he or she knows what day it is, what his or her name is, and where he or she is. These questions are designed to assess ____. a. disorientation b. discomfort c. subjective distress d. dysfunction

ANS: A REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

31. One way to assess dysfunction is in terms of the discrepancy between ____. a. thoughts and feelings b. expectations and attitudes c. cultural norms and actual behavior d. personal potential and actual performance

ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual

32. Teresa, normally an energetic mother of three small children, is suddenly unable to go shopping, prepare meals, or even dress her children. Teresa's behavior illustrates the practical definition of abnormality called ____. a. disorientation b. discomfort c. dysfunction d. deviance

ANS: C REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Applied

33. According to Thomas Szasz, _____._ a. mental illness is a fictional creation by society used to control and change people b. the causes for most mental disorders will ultimately be found in brain pathology c. individuals who are suffering from mental illnesses have biological diseases d. medication is far superior to psychotherapy in reducing the suffering of individuals with mental disorders

ANS: A REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Factual

34. A psychologist considers biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural dimensions when assessing behavior. This psychologist is using which model? a. psychogenic b. cultural universality c. multipath d. statistical deviance

ANS: C REF: Abnormal Behavior in Context: Sociopolitical and Cultural Limitations OBJ: 3 MSC: Conceptual

35. The American Psychiatric Association has published a manual that is the most widely used classification system of psychological disorders. It is called the ____. a. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) b. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) c. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

ANS: D REF: Determining Abnormality OBJ: 2 MSC: Factual

41. A researcher who investigates the onset or occurrence of a psychological disorder over specific periods of time is studying the ____ of the disorder. a. incidence b. prevalence c. lifetime prevalence d. criteria

ANS: A REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

42. Psychiatric epidemiology ____ our understanding of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of specific mental disorders. a. restricts b. does not affect c. confuses d. improves

ANS: D REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Conceptual

43. Which statement about psychiatric disorder in the United States is accurate? a. Depression and anxiety are more common in men than in women. b. Compared to adults, a larger percentage of children have anxiety disorders. c. 25 percent of adults suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder in a given year. d. Phobias are more common in the elderly than in the young.

ANS: C REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

44. Research shows that in the United States, adolescents are more likely than adults to have problems with ____. a. drug abuse b. schizophrenia c. impulse control d. personality disorder

ANS: A REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

45. One finding of the Merikangas et al. (2010) epidemiological study is that ____. a. males and females tend to differ in the kinds of disorders they experience b. adolescents have a lower rate of mood disorders than adults c. almost 50 percent of adolescents meet criteria for at least one psychological disorder d. people living in rural areas have a much higher incidence of mental disorders than do people living in urban areas

ANS: C REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

46. According to the President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003), ____. a. the rate of mental disorder among adolescents is on the decrease b. the more education a person has, the more likely he/she is to have a mental disorder c. there is no longer a "stigma" about mental illness d. two-thirds of all people suffering from mental disorders are not receiving or seeking mental health services

ANS: D REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

47. Researchers in the United States have found which one of the following statements to be TRUE? a. The rate of mental disorder in the population has been steadily decreasing over the past 50 years. b. Adolescents and adults are equally likely to suffer from anxiety disorders. c. Women are more likely than men to suffer from mental disorders. d. Adolescents are more likely than adults to suffer from mental disorders.

ANS: D REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

48. According to Merikangas et al. (2010), what percent of adults suffer from serious psychological disorders in a given year? a. 5 percent b. 8 percent c. 25 percent d. 32 percent

ANS: C REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

49. Which of the following mental disorders is the most common in the United States? a. schizophrenia b. anxiety c. mood d. substance abuse

ANS: B REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

50. Which statement about the burden of mental disorders is accurate? a. Incidence is associated with negative attitudes about mental illness. b. “Mental health problems” that do not meet criteria for a mental disorder could be as equally debilitating as a diagnosable mental health disorders if treated inadequately. c. Half of the people who suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder are neither seeking nor receiving mental health services. d. Spending on mental health services is increasing.

ANS: B REF: The Frequency and Burden of Mental Disorders OBJ: 4 MSC: Factual

56. Morgan is a highly respected teacher and poet whose works have been published in three languages. He also suffers from bipolar disorder and has never been successfully treated. This case ____. a. supports the claim that mental disorders are usually the result of bad parenting and past traumatic experiences b. contradicts the claim that people with mental disorders cannot contribute until they are cured c. contradicts the claim that mentally disturbed people are recognizable d. supports the idea that mentally disturbed people can never function normally or hold down jobs

ANS: B REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Applied

57. Dr. Chu reports, “Mental patients are no more dangerous than other people.” What does research say about the doctor's statement? a. No such research has been done. b. Research shows that patients are considerably more dangerous than others in the population. c. Research shows that individuals with dual diagnosis are slightly more dangerous than other patients. d. Research shows that mental patients are actually less dangerous than are others in the population.

ANS: C REF: Stereotypes about the Mentally Disturbed OBJ: 5 MSC: Applied

58. Throughout history, most popular ideas about abnormal behavior have been ____. a. rooted in the beliefs of a given time period and society b. based on religious dogma of the day c. rooted in supernatural explanations d. based on scientific evidence

ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual

59. Professor Martin, a historian who studies ancient cultures, would likely suggest that prehistoric societies attributed mental illness to all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. demonic possession b. sorcery c. spirits of angry ancestors d. biological disequilibrium

ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Applied

60. In some non-Western societies today, headaches, depression, and seizures are all believed to be caused by offended ancestral spirits or by evil forces that possess the sufferer. This type of explanation is called ____. a. naturalism b. demonology c. trephining d. exorcism

ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Conceptual

61. Trephining refers to the process of ____. a. putting leaches on the body to remove bad blood b. making a person chant and pray to drive out evil spirits c. changing one's diet to improve one's physical and mental health d. boring a hole in the skull to let demons escape

ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

62. During what period of time would a behavior disorder most likely be treated with the surgical method called trephining? a. The Stone Age b. Biblical times c. The Golden Age of Greece d. The 19th and 20th centuries

ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

63. Exorcism involves ____. a. increasing one's activity level so that, by becoming fit, a person's body can recover from a physical or mental illness b. chipping a hole in the skull of a person believed to be possessed by demons c. praying and chanting over or flogging and starving a person to cast evil spirits out of the body d. examining the brains of people who have severe mental disorders

ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

64. The first naturalistic explanation of abnormal behavior can be traced to ____. a. early twentieth century psychosurgery b. Philippe Pinel in eighteenth-century Paris c. Hippocrates in ancient Greece d. Galen in ancient Rome

ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

70. Imagine that half the clerical employees in one building of a school begin to have headaches, feel agitated, scratch themselves furiously, feel numbness in their fingers, and faint. There is no biological explanation. This incident would most likely be seen by psychologists as an example of ____. a. mass madness b. exorcism c. hypnotic susceptibility d. mesmerism

ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Applied

71. Imagine that you could use a time machine to travel back to the thirteenth century. You see groups of people in a village jumping, dancing, and having convulsions in the town square. All over Europe, you find similar groups of raving people. You would have witnessed the ____. a. phenomenon called trephining b. mass madness called St. Vitus's Dance c. phenomenon called lycanthropy d. mass madness called mesmerism

ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Applied

72. What was the Malleus Maleficarum? a. a compilation of all medical knowledge regarding abnormal behavior from the Greeks and Romans b. a description of how to treat madness in the Dark Ages c. a guide to building hospitals for the mentally ill that were more humane d. a guidebook for identifying and exterminating witches

ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

73. Which statement below concerning witchcraft is accurate? a. At first, the church made no distinctions between types of demonic possession. b. Witchcraft became a way of explaining peculiar behavior when the church was under attack. c. The church tried to stop people from accusing deviant people of being witches. d. The treatment for witchcraft typically involved prayers, gentle persuasion, and sympathy.

ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

74. Historians of the witchcraft age concluded that ____. a. the mentally ill were especially prone to being perceived as witches b. few people were ever accused of being witches and almost none were killed c. many witches were actually mentally retarded, not mentally disordered d. almost all witches were mentally disordered

ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

75. Humanism is the ____. a. scientific study of behavior b. philosophical movement that emphasizes human welfare and individual uniqueness c. biological theory of abnormal behavior first used by the ancient Greeks d. name the Catholic Church gave to the practice of identifying and executing individuals they believed were witches

ANS: B REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

76. The humanistic movement of the Renaissance ____. a. emphasized the value of the cathartic method b. presented the first biogenic theory of abnormal behavior in recorded history c. challenged the notion of demonic possession d. led directly to deinstitutionalization of mentally disordered individuals

ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

77. “I reject the idea of witchcraft. Disturbed people are sick people who deserve our sympathy, not torture and death.” Who would have been most likely to say these words? a. Pope Innocent VIII b. Ivan Pavlov c. John B. Watson d. Johann Weyer

ANS: D REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

78. Who ordered the chains to be removed from inmates at a mental asylum and is considered a founder of the moral treatment movement? a. Clifford Beers b. Johann Weyer c. Philippe Pinel d. Dorothea Dix

ANS: C REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

79. “Although I lived in a different country than Philippe Pinel, I also worked to establish moral treatment for mental patients.” Who might have said this? a. William Tuke b. Galen c. Jean-Martin Charcot d. Friedrich Anton Mesmer

ANS: A REF: Historical Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior OBJ: 6 MSC: Factual

85. Which statement would be consistent with the ideas of Emil Kraepelin? a. Whenever behavior prevents people from performing the tasks they are expected to perform, it is a sign of abnormality. b. Abnormality is a deviation from ideal personality traits such as competence, self-actualization, and creativity. c. Every culture has its own unique set of symptoms and disorders. d. All mental disorders can be attributed to one of four organic causes.

ANS: D REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Conceptual

86. Dr. Juarez discovers that certain symptoms of behavior reliably occur in clusters. Her discovery would be seen as ____. a. evidence of a syndrome b. support for a psychological viewpoint c. an illustration of epidemiology d. support for a biological viewpoint

ANS: A REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied

87. According to Kraepelin, mental disorders can be seen in terms of symptom clusters that have their own cause, course, and outcome, which are considered ____ in origin. a. sociocultural b. biological c. psychological d. culturally universal

ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Factual

88. A psychologist says, “There are certain emotional disorders for which we can find no evidence of brain pathology.” This psychologist's statement reflects a(n) ____ viewpoint. a. organic b. biogenic c. humanistic d. psychological

ANS: D REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Conceptual

89. Mesmer's lasting contribution to psychology is his ____. a. research showing the relationship between syphilis and the mental deterioration seen in general paresis b. development of a textbook for psychiatry that described the major disorders c. demonstration that psychological factors, such as the power of suggestion, can be highly therapeutic d. demonstration that the masses can fall for a false set of beliefs

ANS: C REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Factual

90. Imagine that you are in Paris in 1775. People tell you their physical and mental health is remarkably improved when they experience a strange sleeplike trance. Later you hear that the man who performed these remarkable cures was investigated and forced to leave Paris. What forerunner of hypnosis were the people of Paris talking about? a. catharsis b. mesmerism c. exorcism d. trephining

ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied

91. Dr. Johns researched mental disorders using laboratory methods. He stressed the importance of directly observable behaviors and the conditions or stimuli that evoked, reinforced, or extinguished them. Dr. Johns adhered to which early viewpoint of mental illness? a. humanism b. behaviorism c. psychoanalysis d. mesmerism

ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Applied

92. When working with one of his female patients, Josef Breuer discovered that she was able to resolve many of her symptoms by remembering and reliving the emotional aspects of previously forgotten memories. This therapeutic use of verbal expression is referred to as the ____ method. a. association b. memory c. hypnotic d. cathartic

ANS: D REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Factual

93. Catharsis assumes that ____. a. abnormal behavior is affected primarily by cultural norms. b. reliving forgotten emotions reduces suffering c. astrology and planetary movements affect human emotions d. drug treatment, coupled with social skills training, improves mental functioning

ANS: B REF: Causes: Early Viewpoints OBJ: 7 MSC: Conceptual

94. The advent of psychotropic drugs in the 1950s was considered a major revolution in the treatment of mental disorders for all of the following reasons except that _ ____._ a. the medications rapidly and dramatically reduced patients' symptoms b. patients were able to focus their attention on their therapy c. use of medications revised the strong belief in the psychological basis of mental illness d. stays in mental hospitals were shortened and became more cost-effective

ANS: C REF: Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology OBJ: 8 MSC: Conceptual