Unit 1: Periodic Table, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Law

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Unit 1 : Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

Aim: How is the Periodic Table arranged and what patterns emerge among the elements?

Do Now: Please examine how the periodic table is arranged and with the person next to you, find as many patterns as you can.

Periodic Law: Elements arranged by increasing atomic number show repeating patterns to the

number of valence electrons.

Organization of the Table Groups 1-18: ___________________

Periods 1-7: ____________________

Groups

Elements in the same group have the:

Periods

Elements in the same period have the __________________________________________________

The Periodic Table

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

Aim: How do the properties of metals and nonmetals differ?

Metal Properties All metals are solids except for mercury which is a liquid.

1._______________________________________________________________________

2._______________________________________________________________________

3._______________________________________________________________________

4._______________________________________________________________________

The Periodic Table

Nonmetal Properties The nonmetals exist as mostly gases, some solids and 1 liquid (Bromine)

1.___________________________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________________________

3.___________________________________________________________________

4.___________________________________________________________________

5.____________________________________________________________________

Metalloid Properties Metalloids can behave as a metal or a nonmetal, depending upon what type of element they are reacting with.

1.____________________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________________

4.____________________________________________________________

5.____________________________________________________________

The Periodic Table

Color Key

The Periodic Table

Instructions for Coloring your Periodic Table

Metals vs. Nonmetals

• With a black marker add the “stair step” pattern that starts under Boron and extends down to Po and At. ▪ This is the division line between metals and nonmetals.
• Take the red marker and outline the area where nonmetals are found (don’t forget about Hydrogen!) ▪ Outline the color key box labeled “nonmetal” in the same red marker. ▪ The nonmetals are to the right of the boron staircase. ▪ Please refer to the power point slide to make sure you are outlining the correct elements as nonmetals.
• Take the blue marker and outline the metalloid elements: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb and Te. ▪ Outline the color key box labeled “metalloid” in the same blue marker. ▪ Refer to the power point slide to make sure you are outlining the correct elements as metalloids.
• Take the green marker and outline the remaining elements as metals. ▪ Outline the color key box labeled “metal” in the same green marker ▪ Refer to the power point slide to make sure you are outlining the correct elements as metals.

State of Matter at Room Temperature (solid, liquid, or gas)

• There are two elements that are liquid at room temperature: Hg and Br. ▪ Draw a black water droplet in the upper right corner of the symbol. ▪ See the powerpoint slide to be sure you draw the droplet correctly.
• 11 elements exist as gases at room temperature: H, He, N, O, F, Ne Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn ▪ Draw a red balloon in the upper right corner of the symbol.
• The remaining elements are solid at room temperature – leave those alone.

The Periodic Table

Aim: How do we find the number of electron shells and valence electrons for an element?

1. In the periodic table, each row is called a _______________________________.
2. The elements in each ___________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Each column in the periodic table is called a __________________________________________________.
4. Each of the elements in the same _________________________________________________________________________.
5. The electrons in the outer shell __________________________________________________________________________.
6. The __________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Symbol Element Name Period

# of

electron

shells

Group

Electron configuration # valence

electrons

The Periodic Table

Find that Element!

Symbol Element Group #

**Period #/

of

electron shells**

Electron configuration

# of Valence electrons

Metal, nonmetal or metalloid Fr 7

2 3

Bromine 7

Sb 5

3 4

Calcium 2

O 6

3 4

Polonium

1 5

Xe 5

2 6

15 4 Strontium Iron Ne Rn Potassium F S

The Periodic Table

VALENCE ELECTRONS

• Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost principal energy level.
• There can be no more than eight valence electrons.
• Determine the number of valence electrons in the atoms below and draw their electron dot diagram (Lewis structure) 1. Fluorine _____ 11. Lithium _____ 2. Phosphorus _____ 12. Zinc _____ 3. Calcium _____ 13. Carbon _____ 4. Nitrogen _____ 14. Iodine _____ 5. Iron _____ 15. Oxygen _____ 6. Argon ______ 16. Barium _____ 7. Potassium _____ 17. Aluminum _____ 8. Helium ______ 18. Hydrogen _____ 9. Magnesium ______ 19. Xenon _____ 10. Sulfur _____ 20. Copper _____

The Periodic Table

Lewis Structure Review : What is a Lewis Structure?

A Lewis Structure is a simplified way to represent an atom and its outer electrons. It has two parts to it: the atomic symbol for the element and dots representing the electrons surrounding it.

Getting Started:

1. Find your ___________ on the periodic table.
2. Determine the number of ___________ electrons.
3. This is how many electrons you will __________.

Review:

• On the periodic table, each column is called a __________.
• Each element in a ___________ has the same number of ________________ in their outer orbital, or ___________.
• The electrons in the outer shell are known as __________ electrons.

Drawing the Lewis Structure:

1. Write the _______________________ for the element.
2. How many ______________________ electrons?
3. Start on the ____________________________ a draw the electrons

clockwise around the element ______________________.

1. Check your work – did you drawing the correct number of electrons?

C

The Periodic Table

Directions: Use your periodic table to complete the table below. Element Symbol Group # Valence Electron #

Lewis Structure

Arsenic

Lead

Kr

Strontium

Bromine

Ge

Gallium

Te

Radon

Fr

Directions : Choose a color and color in the names of the families. Follow along with the power point and complete the chart.

Find the families on you periodic table and color them with the matching color.

Color MetalsAlkali

Alkaline

Earth

Metals

Transition

Metals

Boron

Family

Carbon

Family

Nitrogen

Family

Oxygen

Family

Halogen

Family

Noble

Gases

Rare

Earth

Element

Symbols

Group 1 Group 2

Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8

Phase(s) S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G ————-

# of

Valence

Electrons

1 or 2 ————

(M)

Metal

(NM)

Non-Metal

(MD)

Metalloids

Metals

Radioactive

Reactivity

Metals

Radioactive

Directions : Choose a color and color in the names of the families. Follow along with the power point and complete the chart.

Find the families on you periodic table and color them with the matching color.

Color MetalsAlkali

Alkaline

Earth

Metals

Transition

Metals

Boron

Family

Carbon

Family

Nitrogen

Family

Oxygen

Family

Halogen

Family

Noble

Gases

Rare

Earth

Element

Symbols

Group 1 Group 2

Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8

Phase(s) S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G S L G ————-

# of

Valence

Electrons

1 or 2 ————

(M)

Metal

(NM)

Non-Metal

(MD)

Metalloids

Metals

Radioactive

Reactivity

Metals

Radioactive

The Periodic Table

Properties of the Representative Element Groups of the Periodic Table

Group 1: __________________________ Properties: Electrons and Ions: ___________________________________ Ionization energy and Electronegativity: __________________________________________

Reactivity: ___________________________________________________________________

General Reactivity of Metals

_________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Group 2: __________________________

Properties:

Electrons and Ions: ___________________________________

Ionization energy and Electronegativity: __________________________________________

Reactivity: ___________________________________________________________________

The Periodic Table

Group 17: __________________________________

Properties:

Electrons and Ions: ___________________________________

Ionization energy and Electronegativity: ___________________________________

Reactivity: ____________________________________________________________

Phases: ______________________________________________________

General Reactivity of Nonmetals

• ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

Group 18: __________________________ Properties: Electrons and Ions: ____________________________________________________

Ionization energy and Electronegativity: ___________________________________

Reactivity: ______________________________________________________________