Download Unit 3: Land Based Empires and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
Unit 3: Land Based Empires Early Modern Period - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the time period of 1450 - 1750 (it is called this because events occurring in this time directly shape regional/political units of todays world) Catholic Reformation - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the church's actions to revive their reputation and membership roles in 1545 (regained control of most of southern Europe, Austria, Poland, and much of Hungary) Jesuits - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a religious order converting people to return to the church (went to Asia + Americas in 1500's) Thirty Years War - CORRECT ANSWER >>>War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia Treaty of Westphalia - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Ended the 30 years war, allowing principalities and cities to choose their own religion, creating a patchwork of religious affiliations through England. English Civil War - CORRECT ANSWER >>>This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished. Humanism - CORRECT ANSWER >>>interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals Patrons - CORRECT ANSWER >>>supporters of the arts, with payment and such, they found talented artists, often when they were young Medici - CORRECT ANSWER >>>was a powerful family of Florence in the mid to late 1400s that sponsored artists as a rich merchant family Erasmus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a humanist Dutch priest that published the first edition of the New Testament in Greek in 1516 Johan Gutenberg - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454 Nicolo Machiavelli - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states
Protestant Reformation - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches Indulgences - CORRECT ANSWER >>>The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, and was part of the growing corruption of the church. John Calvin - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A protestant who established a variation of his beliefs on a stern and vengeful God. Anglican Church - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A form of Christianity established by Henry VIII that was not decided on the grounds of religious belief, but because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife. Nicholas Copernicus - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a Polish monk who based tables on those by Nasir Al-Din, an Islamic scholar, to correct inaccurate calendars. Edict of Nantes - CORRECT ANSWER >>>The granting of tolerance to Protestants through this, which was later revoked by King Louis XIV Martin Luther - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a German monk who wrote the 95 theses in 1517, which were 95 propositions that criticized the Catholic Church Renaissance Man - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Title of a person who was smart and genius in the Renaissance Era. Land-based Powers - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A shift in land based powers where governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, road, canals, and walls that unified and protected Renaissance - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A heightened intellectual and artistic advance from about 1450s, that changed Europe forever New Monarchies - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Monarchies that emerged that differed from their medieval predecessors in having greater centralization of power, more regional boundaries, and stronger representative institutions Constitutional Monarchy - CORRECT ANSWER >>>States where rulers shared power with a parliament, a body of representatives selected by the nobility and urban citizens Gentry - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the most powerful members of a society, and landowners that affected the style of the old aristocracy
Gunpowder Empires - CORRECT ANSWER >>>an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire) Suleiman the Magnificent - CORRECT ANSWER >>>ruled the Ottomans as the empire reached the height of its power. The Ottomans controlled much of the water traffic between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea Janissaries - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Checked the military power of the sultan, being an elite military group Vizier - CORRECT ANSWER >>>head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan Ottoman Lake - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the Mediterranean Sea controlled by the empire with this name Battle at Lepanto - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a famous sea battle with the Ottomans vs Philip II. Ottomans and their Muslim allies lost control of many ports in this war. Safavid Empire - CORRECT ANSWER >>>an empire that grew from a turkish nomadic group, that were Shi'ite muslims Imams - CORRECT ANSWER >>>heirs of Muhammad according to Shi'ite muslims Ismail - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a person who united a large area south of the caspian sea and of the Ottoman empire. An army emerged under him, as well as declared Twelver shi'ism for his new Safavid realm Mansabs - CORRECT ANSWER >>>certain ranks in government by Akbar, which entitled their holder to revenue assignments Babur - CORRECT ANSWER >>>founded the Mughal empire, claimed to be a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan (1526) Purdah - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a woman's seclusion from society in India, which was more enforced for upper class women, who did not leave home unescorted Akbar - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the grandson of Babur, who brought the height of the Mughal empire. Also expanded his empire to control much of the subcontinent.
Taj Mahal - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a building of beauty built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal's wife. Sati - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the ritual suicide of widows by jumping into their husbands pyres, representing the low status of women Divine Faith - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a combination religion consisting of Muslim, Zorastriam, Christian, Sikh beliefs, with the catch being cementing loyalty to the empreror Mughal Empire - CORRECT ANSWER >>>an empire that that was a mixture of Mongol and Turkish peoples from Central Asia, which dominated India until the early 1700s Sikhism - CORRECT ANSWER >>>started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions Army of the Pure - CORRECT ANSWER >>>an army led to challenge the Mughal army and to assert Sikh beliefs aggressively; combined with other upheavel of the 18th century to seriously weaken the Mughal empire Fetehpur Silkri - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Akbar's entirely new capital city, showing the Mughal love for magnificent architecture. Rajputs - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Hindu warriors from the north, who made up 15 percent of Mansabars Tokugawa Shogunate - CORRECT ANSWER >>>a centralized government established in 1603 in present day Tokyo. Alternate attendance - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Required Daimyos to spend every other year at the Tokugawa court, keeping their power in check. Weakened in two ways: their wealth was affected by having two households, and their ability to establish separate power bases was impaired Forbidden City - CORRECT ANSWER >>>was the home of the emperor and his family, which expanded service people to 20,000; as the government returned to Beijing from Manjing Hapsburg Family - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Controlled Austria, Hungary, and parts of the Holy Roman Empire. They stayed in power over 700 years (until WW1) Atahualpa - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.
Aztec Tribute - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Method of payment for services and in honour of the emperor. These tributes could be in the form of, agricultural products, jewels, cocao beans, cloth, feathers, etc. Ming Dynasty - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. Rulers often used tax farming and collection systems - CORRECT ANSWER >>>Tax Collecting systems--Mughal zamindar tax collection, ottoman tax farming, mexica tribute lists, ming collecting taxes in hard currency Religious conflict - CORRECT ANSWER >>>political rivalries in the Ottoman and Safavid empires intensified the split in Sunni and Shia and led to tensions between the empires Sikhism - CORRECT ANSWER >>>the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam Songhai - CORRECT ANSWER >>>A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade.
