Unit 3 pharm NU578
What are the 4 classes of diuretics? - answer high ceiling (loop), thiazide, osmotic,
potassium sparing
potassium sparing can be further divided into 2 categories - answer aldosterone
antagonists, mono-aldosterone antagonists
5th group, used mainly for intraocular pressure - answer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
most frequently prescribed loop diuretic - answer furosemide (lasix)
loop diuretics MOA - answerthey work in the thick portion of the ascending loop of
henle, blocking re-absorption of nacl, thereby preventing passive re-absorption of
water , produces profound diuresis
pharmokinetics of loop diuretics - answerIV, IM, Oral administration
oral loop diuretics, furosemide, pharmokinetics - answerbegin working in 60 minutes,
continue for 8 hours, used when rapid movement is not neccessary
therapeutics of loop diuretics - answerreserved for situations requiring rapid or mass
movement of fluid. should be avoided when less efficacious diuretics will suffice (like
thiazides)
what conditions justify the use of loop diuretics such as furosemide - answerpulmonary
edema associated with CHF, edema of hepatic, cardiac, or renal origin, hypertension
that cannot be controlled with other diuretics
adverse effects of loop diuretics - answerhyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration
signs of evolving dehydration - answerdry mouth, excessive thirst, oliguria
impending dehydration can also be anticipated in what situation? - answerexcessive
weight loss
how can this be minimized? - answerstarting with a low dose and monitoring for weight
loss and adjusting dose or giving intermittent doses
dehydration can promote what? - answerthrombosis and embolus
