Unit 4 - Urography Unit 4 - Urography, Summaries of Medicine

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Arba Minch University

College of Medicine and Health

Sciences

Department of MRT

Chapter FOUR

SPECIAL RADIOGRAPHIC

PROCEDURE OF

THE URINARY SYSTEM

Gross Anatomy of Urinary

system

• Metabolism

The Urinary system comprises:

Two kidneys,

Two ureters,

One urinary bladder and

One urethra

The Kidneys

Lie on the upper, posterior wall of the

abdomen.

Are retroperitoneal structures.

Located between the levels of T12-L3.

Right kidney is lower than the left by 1.5 cm.

Left kidney is longer and narrower than the

right.

The kidneys are approximately 11 cm long, 6

cm wide and 3 cm thick.

Three Layers

I. Renal fascia : Outer most covering.

II. Perirenal fat (cushion): Protect the kidney

from trauma.

III. Renal Capsule: Protect the kidney from

infection.

The HILUM is the concave medial border.

Internally the kidney is divided in to

Three areas

I. The CORTEX: below the capsule & between

the pyramids.

II. The MEDULLA: consists of renal pyramids.

III. The RENAL PELVIS: branches into major

and minor calyces.

Renal Parenchyma: refers to the Cortex

and medulla.

The Ureters

Convey urine from the renal pelvis to the

urinary bladder.

Are retroperitoneal structures.

Measure 25-30 cm in length, 6mm in

diameter.

Enter the posterolateral aspect of the bladder

at the ureterovesical junction (UVJ).

Has three portions: abdominal, pelvic &

intravesical.

The Urinary Bladder

A pear–shaped structure ,acts as a reservoir for

urine

Situated posterior to the symphysis pubis.

In female it is anterior to the vagina and

anteroinferior to the uterus.

In male it is directly anterior to rectum.

Wall of Urinary Bladder consists of

Three layers

I. Inner mucosa.

II. Middle muscularies.

III. Outer fibrous adventitia.

Urinary Bladder in Male

Urinary Bladder in Female

Female U rethra

Male Urethra

Male urethra is subdivided into three regions:

Prostatic

Membranous &

Spongy or penile urethra.

Male urethra also functions in the

reproductive system.