Unit and measurement, Lecture notes of Physics

NEET , units and measurement lecture notes (physics)

Typology: Lecture notes

2024/2025

Available from 08/24/2025

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— epntediied . Crs Ap Measugenenrs = Can be meusahe eX” Maz, lenath ete. a, Ndarnen ta} cs Number " # Phyeia Quooltys Quantity + naa: @ Maaz [my] 6) 6 O length [1] é 6 1, try , ¥ Unit: =, Shoulel be “-ghanclava. unit. TN" ; Fundamentas 4 Maas = ke 4} tength= + = 3) The = @ 4) Temp ak % Current « F a é) Amount 8f Substance pa) zy luminous Fntenatty = Cel " os Gram Tone , sont a ut. Be oo it ¥ _ 6 +022 X 1022 arat ~y » part ele Ea C NS a inom s atemic wi, _ ot. am Ea = ‘ meaning lens» aig 49m fis ah tational+ no. Derive VT \\ ee w~ 2-418 He 3414 S trtatonal_ne. Electric Current fe] Amount 6f aub. [ri] 7 @ Temp. C7] © luminous intensity [1] ’ elon - Grvam mol. wt’ Physical Quantity Fundamental Derive (Bash) ~ depends - ~ ndlependent fundamen tad Guanti4 Tuantity } ¥ d j Speedl = digts. Lf o No. 62 funclame me -ntunits q 2) Areas UxL ete ° o « ‘ x Dimengion ¢ + = Expregsron spect ower fundamental quantiter th defsitatton fs & Hasirtily , ') [Force] : [mai] : mt? 2) ( Temp] = K 3) [tummnous Tntensity] « Cel. 4) [Tene] er 5) [Maas]= §) [elect current] = A 6d T ak MIT FF Jebes seTELA oY ST untt [Work] « FS Puree] =Fscoxe [Mitt-2] x Taigonomenton vatio ¢ (aloe: coeecs =i] a A 2-4 oere Enevay] = [work] [energy]: rauar-2_ [Beat numbed | <4 ett Wy Ae 8 ES, Dimenaioniere [A] = [vyet [a] = fe] (mmany facie) cgyt Mr )ssinre) > 108 IN= 10 dynes ~ “Ano! unit! Beradian (8+) oes In unit conversion 7. aigniftant Figure ote veman game: } dimengtonless (0) Plane Aagle : unit (6) © a i a Bigniticant Figure ‘ O4 dimengionte have unit. © A phy pecy correct formula 69 Mudton must be dimensionas Correct. B® 4 dimenstonten uanttie2 can fa Neuer conta aon-zeap dimenatan. Oi] No, 8-8 Pn exact no: 22 quantiiten may Gaditin &) degre: je » a i . 4€ Addition find Subgtracted ¢ «When two @ More Numbers Art added 6% gub then the veault containa game 6 - of dtqite after decimal az the leazt no. of cligit Bb after decimal fh added 6%) Tuboatia ced no. ey 4-20 1. 32] 2 . een 66h ar Mulipttatfon And Owvteten & O When two @) move. number? are mulifply @) divided then “ezult Containg Zame no- of Bigatlitant Figure ag the teaak noe 8 gignifitant fy ure 7 ot ae nd 4) Oe 410 “will ‘be 2 ; muttiply D dfuSdect i 4 Lio ee Rye Xe | O27 Perimeter oP Rquare = “44-0 11 - “ae IX f Brack fo 44 (co 5 4-008 eas call — NOe 8f 8F =o ’ a4 OLror it Meagurement £ Error Bt Random Pavor Cyvor | : ~— (eaures are kviown)) (raumex aur | @) tnghumente error unknow | 6) Ohaeruatona) eyapy ©) Grn ery due 40 canelesznesg Obaewer- @) Courimnment ervvy. apppprre reer rree epeneasasagsanne O] tf « be the vandom error Yn $0 obrewath then wandom erry tn {80 dbaeTvatien oy ndom Sear $ Hays [t9-teqs] - Admean = [al +ldal+.--+] an] + n mean qhaolute erwWyr Random ' WI be % @ «x (6) ax ery ~ 0-6 observatin : . Laget LY, @ Xa ¢ i © be the vandem erty wth 20 Observation ihen © thé Aa = [ a-amean] 2 ca evr in 10 Obaeruatdn Gren 2 Mat be OE Otee Bhar. ear EO — e j ' -_ Or @ ax fla = row -tege| 7. Be tec a : ull Ro ny ; aac’ z Mathematfeay:€ vor ‘s . — s © t 2.3 i= got ae, = Ra og - —Z Ro= Yaa CS WeV Sem Gat item —o M2= 60m aye tegen nm faz la-am\ = lam-alo- ‘9 te “mean = USEL6Htadieq: 7 =" Ror = z “Omean ~o : . ain) behtaaté df —) Ado = " Oyneqn. OQ je a = 61 3 : j 7 4 — 16qs 4 " : CV) aad Aan= Gmean ~ On —_ tndiuial. absolute. err 0 Ad = [L618 - 1S. = OTe — Amean t Om. : ret ‘a {dor {L618 = 156) = 0-015 - - Or tded. dan = (t= t-61s] = 2 Amean = > : Naga | | — _ ” a = Oe h ery ae X160-1- B-O-f, ve renee “hy Multpteatfon @_Divigtoin Q] tf 4° 4+fa ¥ bz bot Db awe = Jory 4 ¥ [by] a GJ 1f a: ax Aq then fad “OP TE z= Gy 407 then find qbanlute evror 2 -mean value. In. zs na . oy tes wna’ at a4--- upto nteyme ” AZ = (Ral + inalainalt ---upte a : > nial @] If the aide tength ef xquare ty given bu q:elOem+ B-83cm then ind @ Ste perimeter usith errey Wert. —> Pevimeler (Po) = 4a, : 2 4X10 -doem. Qe 4 10a! = 4Xd.03 Ps Pot AP ot A8emt 0-18 tm Oe |e) Zo-= Go bo *fat- f+ [b4] ¥q] Tf the Pevsentage evror ayy, ‘gd lative. erry cand - Petaentaye z ane given OF 21) Ve and ar err fhe g?. at. veapectively then the +f ervor po gn z= do ety! ill bes Py ° . Z : - = FG d- Ge. oy 7 —_ 7 _— At ry iid Zs 20 xiy? ee ; 2 pA Aq 7 Fe TTR] + [A fs. gpinn ie _ fa = ao) +a(r)42(a) a es xa — re | Se] Bato * 4t%+6 vino > Zo . 19-f. - * nba y100 - ao o 2 247.5 nerd) mo] Te’ the pernendage evyor fn mage . and’ peed ofa particle ave 24> “Q] TF R, “1p. + 0-02 2 and , Ro = 6 £0-0) A then é NA R 4-r qeapectively then find 1. error find absolut, evvoy & canes “, in ta Kinetic energy ? error Tn ryutualent resistance “4 OF 3 : they art connected tn ¢ St, KrE = + mye @ ever (4) Parattel L —— C = 24 9Ca) © flores Tr ne ~ Re= Rit Re Sf ; = Bes ea ORe= [0-024 0-01) SL ag? ¥ ¥ *"¢] Tf t= 100m+ 0.02 tm ‘and ( = obi98 : MO 3 b= Sem #6-Blem then Beas NES a find @ Perzentage, ervov nz = 2 —— r a : b ARe wi Da ¢ ; 6) Pergentage emmy Tn 92 b [Rel * 100° = = X 109 a © Absolute evtor tn z. 4 on aa = ee D2 pg 4s : S$ a @ 4), Me b} Pavattel i AZ ying = [0182 , Ort! _ x I Zo 10 ¥too + = #100 Joh (Reo = Ri Ra = {L0x%S 0 ¢ S R,+Ro IS ¥ eof tails - . (eee Ake [AR |, | Ae | © Rentuyerae Re 2 | ; | = |. * {o-2to-2) a 2 ~ tee dle re ae fae é_ } Gj Org: =. Lh an RitRo > a ae y 2S 100 - _—t 7 ——~yigo sf S82 4 0-91 , i 0-04. wey Re s — 0.0 . O AZ . 0.02, 9.0) 2 100 20 is) é Ae = fo.09 0-04 ' P q + 2 40°03 “10 Zo= to. 1 Sg 7 Ss TS, vo ae bo S ne foil - [0-02 hz [222 +22!) e0 Pa io Ss - 0:04- q a KD ¢ 10 * g Pa.no. 89. —™ SOMsp = 49 M2Ip IV8o = 49 men So {t= MSd~ 1USD : [1-42] moo r BO - Msp §0 0,8Sem. so [1-05 em -t-00¢rm] 0.001 em > Ntnyle = ft-00 493% 0-00!) | = 7-093em [c= F Screw Gauge 2 + Least Count $ Prtch -. no. 6% dfutafon on clyeular scale 4 © For the fnatument haven erro Y. [Abus Reading = N&ENXte ze ¥ Backlagh + due 40 loosing ef tngtrument- SS Detuad Realing (no zero err) L N+ nye y Pietucep Reading > MSR4.08P xLe ZEW LWT = - ZPD eTIOT corecttyy OL SE R= %| x ¢ * Total Reading = M@e + VSR Re Ne nx le * Actual Reading“ M8R+USR - zem ernT Freee From very evrDT : Zev0 erroy = 0. a Actual Ressing = M&R+UER RRR QAR KE The pitch of arrew Gauge ia Immo Gnd ther ane 460 diviarang on the civeulay geale. A atudent meaduied, the dfumedty Bk a wire uging tha 6 Rewew Gouge and he gee the main Reale vending ag Smm and Circular ‘oe divigfonx ag ‘oe. T€ the acvew gauge & hag a positive zev evry 2 D.04 mm, @ the correct vale OP dPometer will bes — . piich = IMM 4 om: . Pree ak . MS8e a.Simm-. é CSR = og \ ; : tor Az M&R+OXL0 + zew extort fs = & + 99X O01 - 9403 € = &IS = 9.93 « = $99 C < { MSR 4 NXLC= ZEW EMO So + RX WA - 0-6 + £8.-9mm WoW ak By AY gervew gsuge giver the et A Follow?ng Tadings when, uzed : Yo meagure the. chometer 6h oO wit . Map. Omm cae: sr division Q| In the Meagurement Bf length s : Given that Imm he matn Zystematic error tn 100 Gbrervatton2 ve fl ont y wae Reale Cony exponds to too aruPaPon xc, then ayptemakie error tn (0 obgeruatto iy “wilh bet a : Ther-diprsley Seale. xc ++ Byshmatic error cloes ay mse =o not dependz on no, of yy ’ stad es, nz 62 Obiervalons. ans, A= M9R+ nx1e os ae qq. “mcd [C= 1. yotmm > 9-2. men 106 : 7 my = TSO. Ay iech —— = O'S9 mm mo WO 7 . lie i ; heim =4 xiooem ——y = 0: oS%em : . DD 100 tity wk : nica o 3 * 6 iis 9| Tn a vernrer caliper , when the Jour 5 +a 2 . 2% Pavatlay Method 3- Ove touching each Other the zew t See , MAK On the vemier gcale qace beyord ee a sy hely 6f the zem mark af the main I : acile | At that moment the'gh dltutitan g@ Mark on vernier caliper matches perfectly wrth a mavy Beale dtudion. then the zevy marke in hoth the &eale ae Coincider, {0 vernrer acale dura fang matches with ¢ main acale diufatons (th mm). A aod OR fength Lita meaguacd : with thir uerniey eclper Tt shows $3 fa main gcale reading and 9 in the - vernien Zcale gth mark matches witha y main eacale ciuizion. What Ya the ag Value Le —_ * (ce 2 ry yr, AVE Ze ever Seperation b]w the L@=_Lomm = o.lmm gun & the earth 10 ZeM error Nn: 6 nxle éy¥oel 2 Bs6mm O) Force applied by sishie t} denat, . 'y 88 Hoo (P) i) Veloctiy 6h Hoo(u) iit) arta “ek Hao tn] Sxpreation “OP Late ty : depende i pm ye qv [mut-2] = eCMe) Purge pay [ni1-2] OK Ms) Sat Ore. ~ 8 M1 - Shp ovens] «fis-9 ~ 34240 <3 Beg “149% 24 Ses Leb ai 2 0 7 Y =f In Gindtng dimengian sf physical quantity m tems Of fundamental quantity oa * a a tet forte , Apeed + acd” be undamentas quandPires sthen Sine o aimension OP work Sn terme Mets fundamental quantities 2] 2? a ioe Wee EA y8qe Mere = [rar ® Cua]? forty MUT 2. MA AH Bt 248-96 A=! AtBic=9 -9n-B-90-.9 [tQtcsa° — Boge: -2 Btce) B+2C20 B= tHe rc#aceo Rz9 -':C Cen] We Fut] he { < ie @ When goltd aphere movez through (tq, Wq oppose with Force . fF depend on QO Coelftent af wtacoctty @) vadfus € Apert @ speed ek v.- fz nah 7 : [mur]. [ejrfir], heme. ba nratve Mur = Praeger] fer MT = ma priateee a e ei 4] ] Att -AtBate) = A-¢2-9 ~1tOtl?t) ay-oe-9d Bal “140el e= 4 Kk **9| Momentum «ave dime faten a2 fundamental “quant! dimenatenal formula 6h coettitir tonal for , “t of el — = ph qe Te A eg [mutt] =; [Mur] Cel fr] MIT! = pq® ataey goatee 5 Aton =-1 ~AtCe-l Rel 1ton--4 ee VB vel] Ce-1t] Bs -2 c=0 2. Be a a Py 4 a+ tteg le : E 4 ts Pe Qed fe a oY - 9 Radiation . Eo - [MoT ] wi ae) C= dimengionless renga _“ Te It ig peghct aa = [weer] tan Pme't)™ fpr’ Put? = eter | “ mxty pre peer? Meier? S| yayen OR BHDED ~ am Sy ts 87 Le yery | teem ~2n- By = 7 SM --x tlys 4% ~ 2f-y)~ Sy +2 ff, x = caet pate 2y- Sy 22 ~ “a . Zz “Ny Lr % ROUND OFF t- ¥ Stonseicant: Fraure > vl 2948 drop dint 2. 9uy, Namen iy #4 £2.35 (po) = 9.34 (op) Wrihout “Wirth, — TE OD: 6th Peal decal Cecemod om = ens bey i O632U00 |OFa3 6.003200 REG i i] PD preciaing digit Odel xx ex [ste4] RK Se 1s odd (4 by bn onor 2ooion [FHT] 36-008 P=u) G ip 9 U8 ae & fi] Pp ~ even (2ame) . ¥¥* AIL naire efeath phould we PE? € 9-945 —s Y 44 ‘ + ayer Rye ; 6 | . : a - Order: c Mipiate © pa Tn cae eg Foye value , ra | p 4500 ; (Right ze) = is q i: uS x108 - Order of M28 Nop s @ee4 ia soy 1019 ; a ; a ® = 1019x109: oom =¢ x19) Pa ¢ ¢ “20 +00 tm [sf=4 |