Upper Extremity - Anatomy - Lecture Slides, Slides of Dental Anatomy

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The Upper Extremity

Bones,

Muscles,

Vessels,

Bones

 30 bones!!!!

 Appendicular skeleton

 Pectoral girdle

 Glenoid cavity

 Allows for mobility

 Attachments

 Upper extremity:

 Arm  humerus  Forearm  Radius, ulna (interosseous membrane)  Hand  Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

 Review bones and landmarks studied in lab!!!

Joints of the Upper Extremity

 Elbow Joint

 Synovial – hinge

 Diarthrosis

 Articulations

 Humerus & Ulna

 Humerus & Radius

 Many Ligaments

Joints of Upper Extremity

 Proximal Radioulnar joint

 Synovial - pivot

 Diarthrosis

 Distal Radioulnar joint

 Synovial – pivot

 Diarthrosis

 Allows pronation and supination of forearm

Review of Naming…..

 What do the following names TELL

you about the muscle?

 Naming

 Flexor carpi ulnaris

 Flexor digitorum superficialis

 Flexor pollicis longus

 Pronator quadratus

 Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Scapula Muscles

 If the origin is on the scapula – moves the

arm

 Subscapularis

 Supraspinatus

 Infraspinatus

 Teres Minor

 Teres Major

 Latissimus Dorsi (partial attachment)

 Coracobrachialis

Rotator Cuff

Innervation of Muscles Moving Arm

Muscle Innervation

Subscapularis Teres Major

Subscapular N.

Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

Suprascapular N.

Teres Minor Axillary N.

Coracobrachialis Musculocutaneous N.

Arm Muscles

 Arm Compartments

 Anterior Compartment (3 muscles)

 Flexors of forearm and arm

 Posterior Compartment (1 muscle)

 Extensor of forearm and arm

Remember: If you cross the shoulder, you move the arm; if you cross the elbow, you move the forearm

Arm Muscles

 Posterior compartment

 Triceps brachii

 Long head  Medial head  Lateral head

Muscles of Arm

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innerv

Anterior

Brachialis Ant shaft , distal humerus Coronoid process /ulnar tuberosity (ulna)

Flex forearm

Musculo- cutaneous

Biceps Brachii Long: supraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Short: coracoid proc (scapula)

Radial Tuberosity (radius)

Flex forearm, Supination

Musculo- cutaneous

Coracobrachialis Coracoid proc (scapula) Medial surface midshaft (humerus)

Flex arm, Adduct arm

Musculo- cutaneous

Posterior

Triceps Brachii Long: Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) Medial: Posterior Shaft (middle humerus) Lateral: Posterior Shaft (proximal humerus)

Common tendon to olecranon (ulna)

Extend forearm

Radial

Forearm Muscles

 Anterior compartment

 Superficial and Deep layers  Flexors of hand and fingers  Most flexors have common origin on medial epicondyle  Contains 2 pronator muscles

 Posterior compartment

 Superficial and Deep layers  Extensors of hand and fingers  Most extensors have common origin on lateral epicondyle  Contains a supinator muscle

Anterior Compartment of Forearm

Muscles Nerves

 Superficial

 Flexor digitorum superficialis Median  Flexor carpi radialis Median  Pronator teres Median  Palmaris longus Median  Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar

 Deep

 Pronator quadratus Median  Flexor pollicis longus Median  Flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar (med 1/2) Median (lat 1/2)

Hand Bones

 Carpus (8)

 “True” wrist

 Distal to radius/ulna

 Metacarpus (5)

 Distal to carpus

 Phalanges (14)

 Distal to metacarpus

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

Muscle Nerve

 Pinky = Hypothenar muscles

 All digiti minimi Ulnar (Flexor, Abductor, Opponens)

 Thumb = Thenar muscles

 Abductor pollicis brevis Median  Flexor pollicis brevis Median  Opponens pollicis Median  Adductor pollicis Ulnar

 Other Intrinsic Muscles

 Palmar + Dorsal Interossei Ulnar  Lumbricals Median, Ulnar