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UTAvMicrobiologyvExamv 3 vWithvAllvAnswers
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- vGrowth vofvcell vsize
- vReplication vofvDNA
- vDivision vofvcytoplasm
- vSeptum vformation v& vcell vdivision v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔ 4 vBasic vSteps vofvbinary vfission FtsZvassembles vZ vring vto vform vdivisome v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Z vRing vAssembly timevitvtakesvto vdouble vthevpopulation v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Generation vTime Cells vadjust vto vculture vmedium; vno vchange vin vpopulation v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Lag vPhase Genetic vmakeup, vmedia vcomposition, vinitial vinoculum vsize v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vfactors vdetermine vthevduration vofvthevlag vphase? Log vphase v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Duringvwhich vphase vofvthevgrowth vcurvevis vitvmost vappropriate vfor vthevusevofvantibiotics?
Persisters v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Following vthevdeath vphase vofvthevgrowth vcurve, v____ vcells vare vconsidered vthevsurviving vcells v& vare vconsidered vclinically vimportant vduevto vtheir vassociation vwith vchronic vinfections, vsuch vasvTuberculosis. Binary vfission voccurs; vcell vreplication v>vcell vdeath v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Log vPhase Resources vbecome vdepleted; vcell vrespiration=cell vdeath v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Stationary vPhase Endospores vcan vform; vcell vreplication v<vcell vdeath v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔DeathvPhase Have vfinite vresources v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Close vSystem vCultures -Nutrients vand vairvare vreplenished -Dead vcells vand vwaste vare vremoved -Beneficial vfor vindustrial vmicrobiology v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Open vSystem vCultures Cells vare vcounted vunder va vmicroscope vusing va vlaser vetched vslide v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Microscopic vCell vCount Falsev-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Invusing vthevdirect vmicroscopic vcell vcount vmethod, vyou vwill vbe vable vto vdistinguish vbetween vlive vvs vdeadvcells. Cells vare vcounted vunder va vmicroscope vorvflowvcytometer v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Fluorescence vStaining Green v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Invfluorescent vstaining, vthevendvproduct vresults vin vlive vcells vstaining v___________?
Membrane vfiltration v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vcell vcounting vmethod vis vused vfor vcounting vcolonies vfrom vdrinking vwater? MPNv(most vprobable vnumber)v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vmethod vofvmeasuring vgrowth vis vused vin vfood/water vtesting?
- vAttachment vofvplanktonic vcells
- vCells vbecome vsessile
- vGrowth v& vDivision von vsubstrate
- vProduction vofvextracellular vpolymeric vsubstance
- vAttachment vofvsecondary vcolonizers v& vdispersion v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Steps vof vBiofilm vFormation Cell vto vcell vcommunication vregarding vcell vdensity v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Quorum vSensing Autoinducers v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vthevtermvthat vrefers vto vthevsmall vmolecules vthat vallow vmicrobes vto vdetect vcell vdensity vin va vbiofilm? Hydrated vpolysaccharide vgel, vother vmacros v& vchannels v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vEPSvcomposed vof? Itvis vsecreted vby vthevorganisms v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vEPSvused vin va vbiofilm? Increases v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔When vusing vthevoptical vdensity vmethod, vwhen vthe vbacteria vincreases, vturbidity________? Fragmentation v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vpattern vofvgrowth vis voften vobserved vin vactinomycetes vand vanaerobic, vgram-positive vbacteria?
Liquid venvironments; vrivers, vpipelines, voral vcavities v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vis vbiofilm vformation vtypically vfound? When vcounts vare vlowervthan v 30 vCFU/ml v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔When vis vMPNvused?
- vN-actuated vhomoserine vlactones
- vVarious vshortvpeptides v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtwo vclasses vmake vupvsignaling vmolecules? Gram vnegative vbacteria v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vcan vthevsignaling vmolecule, vN- acylated vhomoserine vlactones, vbevfound? Gram vpositive vbacteria v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vcan vsignaling vmolecules, vsuch vasva vvariety vofvshort vpeptides, vbevfound? Normal vbiota vin vthevlungs v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vconsidered va v"good" vtypevof vbiofilm vfound vin vthevhuman vbody? Plaque von vteeth v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vconsidered va v"bad" vtypevofvbiofilm vfound vin vthevhuman vbody? must vhave voxygen vto vsurvive v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Obligate vAerobes will vdie vin vthevpresence vofvoxygen v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Obligate vAnaerobes Can vlive vwithout voxygen, vbutvprefer vitv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Facultative vAnaerobes Tolerant vofvoxygen, vbutvdon't vusevitv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Aerotolerant vAnaerobes
Fermenters v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvmicrobe vis vmost vadapted vto va vpH vthat vis vacidic? E.coli, vstaphylococci, vsalmonella v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vgroups vofvbacteria vare vconsidered vneutrophiles? Fermenting vbacteria; vproteins/phospholipids v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vgroups vof vbacteria vare vconsidered vacidophiles? Vibrio vcholera v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vgroup vofvbacteria vis vconsidered valkaliphiles? Optimal vpH varound v 7 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Neutrophiles Optimal vpH v<v5.5 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Acidophiles Optimal vpH vis v8-10.5 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Alkaphiles Prefer vroom vtemp.v(20-40C) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtemperature vdovmesophiles vrequire vto vgrow? Prefer vcooler vtemp.v(4-20C) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtemperature vdovPsychotrophs vrequire vfor vgrowth? permanently vcold vtemps. v(<0C) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtemperature vdo vpsychrophiles vrequire vfor vgrowth? Prefer vhotvtemp.v(50-80C) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtemperature vdovthermophiles vrequire vfor vgrowth?
Extreme vhotvtemp.v(80-110C) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtemperature vdo vHyperthermophiles vrequire vfor vgrowth? Refrigerated vfoodvspoilage v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vare vpsychotrophs vresponsible vfor? Human vbody v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vare vmesophiles vfound? cold vwaters, vbottom vofvthevocean v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vcan vpsychrophiles vbe vfound? Compost vpiles, vhotvsprings, vsoils v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vcan vthermophiles vbe vfound? Hyperthermal vocean vvents v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vcan vhyperthermophiles vbe vfound? Salt/solute vlovers; vfound vin voceans v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Halophiles Tolerate vhigh vsalt, vbutvdon't vneed vit; vfound vin vsalt vmarshes vwhere vhigh vsolutes varen't vpresent vall vthevtimev-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Halotolerant Staphylococci v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vbacterial vspecies vis vconsidered vHalotolerant vand vis vanvimportant vcause vfor vfoodborne villness? Bottom vofvthevocean v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Where vare vBarophiles vfound? Photoautotrophs, vphotoheterotrophs v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvmicrobes vdepend von vlight vfor vgrowth?
Vinegar, vbleach v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔examples vofvdisinfectants alcohol, vhydrogen vperoxide v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔examples vofvantiseptics BSL-2 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vbiosafety vlevel vposes vasva vmoderate vrisk vand vrequires vrestrictive vaccess? BSL-3 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vbiosafety vlevel vcan vcause vpotential vlethal vinfections vby vinhalation vand vrequire vdirectional vairvflow? TB,vanthrax, vWest vNile, vHIV v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vindigenous vpathogens vcan vbe vfound vin va vBSL-3? Ebola, vMarburg, vsmallpox v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vindigenous vpathogens vcan vbe vfound vin va vBSL-4? BSL-2 v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vbiosafety vlevel vis vappropriate vfor vSalmonella? Must vbevsterile; vitems vcontact vsterile vtissue v(invbody) v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Critical Dovnotvrequire vhigh vlevel vsterilization; vitems vmight vcontact vnon-sterile vtissue, vno vpenetration v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Semicritical Dovnotvrequire vsterilization; vitems vcontact vbutvdovnotvpenetrate v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Noncritical surgical vinstruments, vcathedar, vIVv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vmedical vtools vcan vbe vconsidered vcritical?
Stethoscope, vbed vlinens, vBP vcuff, vcrutches v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vmedical vtools vcan vbevconsidered vnoncritical? Kill v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔-cides Stop vgrowth v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔-static Amount vofvtimevitvtakesvto vreduce va vpopulation vby vonevlogvorv90%v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Microbial vDeathvCurve
- vTemperature
- vPressure
- vFiltration
- vDesiccation
- vRadiation
- vSonication v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Physical vMeans vofvControl Lowest vtemp vthat vwill vkill vin v 10 vminsv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vThermal vDeathvPoint? Length vofvtimevto vkill vatva vcertain vtemp v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vThermal vDeath vTime? Total vplate vcount v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vmethod vwould vbevused vto vmeasure vconcentration vofva vbacterial vcontamination vin vprocess vpeanut vbutter? Fragmentation v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Filamentous vCyanobacteria voften vdivide vby______?
Semi-sterilizes vfoodvwithout vruining vfoodvquality vwith vusevofv"flash" vheating v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vpasteurization veffective? Slows vmetabolism vuntil vtemps vare vraised v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vrefrigeration/freezing veffective vfor vcontrolling vgrowth vofvmicrobes? Byvdehydration; vwithout vwater vcells vcannot vsurvive v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vdoes vdesiccation vsuppress vmicrobial vgrowth? Preserves vfoodvsuch vasvjerky v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vdesiccation vbeneficial? Combo vofvdesiccation vand vultra vfreezing v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vLyophilization? High vpressure vused vin vfoodvindustry vto vkill vmicrobes v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Pascalization Used vto vtreatvinfections vby vsaturating vthevinfection vsitevwith voxygen v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Hyperbaric vChambers Used vto vkill vorvinhibit vmicrobes v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vradiation vused? kills vmicrobes vby vdisrupting vDNAvstructures; vsterilization vofvfoodv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vionizing vradiation vdescribed? Does vnotvpenetrate vglass, vplastics, vbutvcan vdamage vcells vwith vdirect vexposure vwith vUV virridation v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vnon-ionizing vradiation vdescribed? High vfrequency vsound vwaves vto vdisrupt vcell vstructure vby vcausing vbubbles vto vform vand vinduce vlysis v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vsonication veffective vfor vkill/inhibit vmicrobes?
Use vofvbarrier vto vphysically vseparate vmicrobes; vremoves vmicrobes vfrom vliquid v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vdoes vfiltration vassist vis vcontrolling vmicrobial vgrowth? Filtration v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvphysical vmeans vofvcontrol vincludes vthevuse vofvHEPA vfilters? Long vtermvusevofvbroad-spectrum vantimicrobials v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vcombo vwould vmost vlikely vcontribute vto vdevelopment vofva vsuperinfection? Carbon vmolecule vwith vbenzene vring vand v-OH vgroup vto vdenature vproteins v& vmembranes v- vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vare vphenols veffective? Joseph vListervused vitvfor vsurgical vwounds v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vwasvCarbolic vAcid vfirst vused? Triclosan v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvphenol vcan vbevfound vin vhand vsoaps? Binds vto v& vinhibits vproteins v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vare vheavy vmetalsvused vto vcontrol vgrowth? Mercury v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvheavy vmetal vwasvused vto vtreatvsyphilis, vbutvis vnow vbanned? Silver v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvheavy vmetal vis vused vto vtreatvvarious vinjuries vand vis vin vmany vantibiotics? Copper vsulfate v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvheavy vmetal vis vused vto vtreatvpools? Zinc v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vheavy vmetal vis vcommon vto vmany vhousehold vitems vsuch vasvmouthwash?
Cationic v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtermvrefers vto va vpositively vcharged vanion von va vchain? Cationic vwith vantiseptic vproperties v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vcan vBisbiquanides vbe vclassified? Bisbiguanides v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypes vofvchemical vmeans vofvcontrol vis vnot vactive vagainst vnaked vviruses, vTB,vorvspores? Common vsurgical vscrub vand vlonger vlasting vthat viodophors v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vcan vChlorhexidine vbevclassified? Faster vacting vsurgical vscrub; vup vand vcoming v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vdoes vAlexidine vcompare vto vChlorhexidine? Inactivate venzymes vand vnucleic vacids vby vreplacing vthevHvatom vwith valkyl vgroup v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Why vare valkylating vagents vconsidered va vstrong vdisinfectant vagent? Formaldehyde, vglutaraldehyde, vethylene voxide, vpropionolactone v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vare vthevcommon vtypes vofvalkylating vagents? Propionolactone v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vtypevofvalkylating vagent vis vused vfor vsterilization vofvtissue, vmilk, vand vis vmedically vused? Glutaraldehyde v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtypevofvalkylating vagent vis vcommon vto vdisinfection vofvsurgical vequipment? Oxidizing vagents vproduce vradical voxygen vto vdisrupt vmacros v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vare vPeroxygens vused vto vcontrol vmicrobial vgrowth?
Carbomide v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vtypevofvperoxygen vis vanvagent vin vtoothpaste vand vcan vcombat vbiofilm? Peracetic vacid v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vtypevofvperoxygen vis vconsidered va vNONantiseptic? to vclean vairvand vwater vsupply v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vOzone vGas vused vfor? Pressure vand vtemp vare vincreased vto vhave vproperties vbetween vliquid vand vgas vto vallow vfor veasier vcell vpenetration v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vSupercritical vFluid vused vto vcontrol vmicrobial vgrowth? To vinhibit vmicrobial vgrowth vin vfoodvproducts v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vare vpreservatives vused vfor? Sorbic vacid, vbenzioc vacid, vpropionic vacid, vsulfur vdioxide, vnitrites v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Common vpreservatives vinclude: Nisin, vnatamycin v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vtwo vpreservatives vare vclassified vasvbeing vnatural? Antifungal vin vcheeses v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vnatamycin vused? Thevstrength vofvthevagent vrelative vto vphenol v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔How vis vthevphenol vcoefficient vtestvdetermined? degree vofvinhibition v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vdoes vthevDisk vDiffusion vtestvmeasure?
Target vofva vspecific vgroup vofvmicrobes; vgramvpositive vonly v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vdetermines va vNarrow vSpectrum vchemo vdrug? Target vofva vwide vvariety, vkilling vall vpotential vpathos v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vdetermines va vBroadvSpectrum vchemo vdrug? High vdrug vefficacy vwith vlow vadverse vaffects von vthevpatient v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis vOptimal vDosage? Intravenous v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vroute vofvdrug vadministration vallows vfor vhighest vconcentration vofvthevdrug? increasing vaction vofvdrug vby vworking vtogether; vcombo vofvdrugs v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis va vsynergistic vinteraction? Decreasing vaction vofvdrug vby vworking vagainst veach vother; vopposite veffects v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vis va vantagonistic vinteraction? Drug vclass, vMOA,vbroad vorvnarrow, vpathogens vtargeted v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vfactors vare vnecessary vto vknowvwhen vdeciding vanvantimicrobial? B-lactams, vvancomycin, vbacitracin v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vinhibitors vare vincluded vin vcell vwall vsynthesis? Aminoglycosides, vtetracyclines v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vinhibitors vare vincluded vin vprotein vsynthesis v& vbind vto vthev30S vsubunit vofva vribosome? Macrolides, vlincosamides, vchloramphenicol, voxazolidinoes v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vinhibitors vbind vto vthev50S vsubunit vofva vribosome vin vprotein vsynthesis?
Fluoroquinolones v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vantimicrobial vinhibits vthevDNAvgyrase venzyme? Avermectins v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vdrug vclass vspecifically vinhibits vneuronal vtransmission vin vhelminths? Azidothymidine v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vis va vnucleotide vanalog vcommonly vused vasva vreverse vtranscriptase vinhibitor vin vthevtreatmentvofvHIV? Artemisinin v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vis vanvantimalarial vdrug vthat vis vthought vto vincrease vROS vlevels vin vtarget vcells? Echinocandins v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vantifungal vis vknown vasv"penicillin vfor vfungi" vand vtargets vB(1-3) vglucan vin vfungal vcell vwalls? Etestv-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Which vtestvcan vdetermine vthevMICvofvmultiple vantimicrobials vagainst va vmicrobial vstrain vusing va vsingle vagar vplate? Polymyxins, vdaptomycin v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Inhibitors vofvmembrane vfunction vinclude: Theyvare vall vcidal v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔What vdovall vinhibitors vofvnucleic vacid vsynthesis vhave vin vcommon? Disruption vofvsterol vsynthesis vand vmembrane vintegrity v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔Common vMOAvOf vAntifungal vDrugs Inhibition vofvvarious vmetabolites vand vDNAvsynthesis v-vCORRECT vANSWER✔✔MOAvof vAntiprotozoan vDrugs
